04-10-2008, 01:44 PM
Actinic Keratosis Often precedes squamous cell carcinoma
Albright's syndrome Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots, short stature, young girls
Albuminocytologic dissociation Guillain-Barre (increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell count)
Alport's syndrome Hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness
Anti-basement membrane antibodies Goodpasture's syndrome
Anti-centromere antibodies Scleroderma (CREST)
Anti-epithelial cell antibodies pemphigus vulgaris
Anti-gliadin antibodies celiac disease
Anti-histone antibodies drug-induced SLE
Anti-IgG antibodies Rheumatoid
Anti-mitochondrial antibodies Primary biliary cirrhosis
Anti-platelet antibodies ITP
Arachnodactyly Marfan's syndrome
Argyll Robertson Pupil Neurosyphilis
Arnold Chiari malformation cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Aschoff bodies Rheumatic fever
Atrophy of the mamillary bodies Wernicke's encephalopathy
Auer rods Acute myelogenous leukemia (especially promyelocytic)
Autosplenectomy Sickle cell anemia
Babinski's sign UMN Lesion
Baker's cyst in popliteal fossa Rheumatoid arthritis
Bamboo spine ankylosing spondylitis
Bartter's syndrome Hyper-reninemia
Basophilic stippling of RBC Lead poisoning; beta-Thalassemia
Becker's muscular dystrophy defective dystrophin, less severe than Duchenne's
Bell's palsy LMN CN VII palsy
Bence Jones proteins Multiple myeloma (K or L light chains); Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
(2) Disease/Finding (memorize)
Association (memorize)
Berger's disease IgA nephropathy
Bernard-Soulier Defect in platelet adhesion
Bilateral Hilar Adenopathy & Uveitis Sarcoidosis
Birbeck Granules on EM Histiocytosis X (Eosinophilic granuloma)
Bloody tap on LP Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Blue Bloater Chronic Bronchitis
Blue domed cysts Fibrocystic change of breast
Blue Sclera osteogenesis imperfecta
Boot-shaped heart on x-ray T.O.F. or R Ventricle Hypertrophy
Bouchard's Nodule osteoarthritis (PIP swelling secondary to osteophytes)
Boutonnier deformity rheumatoid arthritis
Branching rods in oral infection Actinomyces israelii
Brown tumor of bone hemorrhage causes brown color of osteolytic cysts, caused by hyperparathyroidism, osteitis fibrosa cystica
Brushfield spots Down syndrome
Bruton's Disease X linked agammaglobulinemia (deficiency of tyrosine kinase)
Budd Chiari syndrome posthepatic venous thrombosis
Buerger's Disease thromboangiitis obliterans, small to medium artery vasculitis
Burkitt's Lymphoma t(8;14) associated with EBV
Burton's lines lead poisoning
c-anca wegener's granulomatosis
p-anca polyarteritis nodosa
cafe-au-lait spots on skin neurofibromatosis
Caisson disease nitrogen gas emboli
Calf pseudohypertrophy Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Call-exner bodies granulosa theca cell tumor of ovary
Cardiomegaly with atypical atrophy Chagas' Disease
Cerebriform nuclei mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma)
Chagas' disease Trypanosome infection (kissing bug feeds on sleeping persons, defecates in their wounds)
Chancre Primary syphilis (not painful)
Chancroid H. ducreyi (painful)
Charcot's Triad Multiple sclerosis: 1. nystagmus 2. intention tremor 3. scanning speech
Charcot's Triad Cholangitis: 1. RUQ pain 2. Fever 3. Jaundice
Charcot Leyden Crystals Bronchial asthma (pieces of eosinophil membranes)
Chediak-Higashi Disease Phagocyte deficiency
(3) Disease/Finding (memorize)
Association (memorize)
Cherry-red spot on macula Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick, central retinal artery occlusion
Cheyne Stokes Respiration Central apnea in CHF and increased ICP
Chocolate cysts Endometriosis
Chronic atrophic gastritis predisposition to gastric carcinoma
Chvosteks sign Hypocalcemia (facial muscle spasm upon tapping)
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina DES exposure in utero
Clue cells Gardnerella vaginitis
Codman's triangle on x-ray osteosarcoma
cold agglutinins Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis
Cold intolerance Hypothyroidism
Condylomata lata secondary syphilis
Continuous machinery murmur Patent ductus arteriosus
Cori's disease Debranching enzyme deficiency
Cotton-wool spots Chronic hypertension
Cough, conjuntivitis, coryza + fever measles
Councilman bodies toxic or viral hepatitis
Cowdry type A bodies herpes virus
Crescents in Bowman's capsule rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
Crigler-Najjar syndrome congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
curling's ulcer acute gastric ulcer associated with sever burns
Currant jelly sputum Klebsiella
Curschmann's spirals Bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs)
cushing's ulcer acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
D-Dimers DIC
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea Pellagra (niacin, vitamin B3 deficiency)
Diabetes insipidus + exopthalmos + lesions of skull Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
Doc or cat bite pasteurella multocida
Donovan bodies Granuloma inguinale
Dressler's syndrome Post-MI fibrinous pericarditis
(4) Disease/Finding (memorize)
Association (memorize)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy deleted dystrophin gene (x-linked recessive)
Eburnation Osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearnace of bone)
Edwards' sydrome Trisomy 18: rocker-bottom feet, low set ears, heart disease
Eisenmenger's complex late cyaniosis shunt (uncorrected L to R shunt becomes R to L shunt)
Elastic skin Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Erb-Duchenne palsy Superior trunk brachial plexus injury ("waiter's tip")
Fanconi's syndrome proximal tubular reabsorption defect
"Fat, female, forty, fertile" Acute cholecystitis
Fatty liver Alcoholism
Ferruginous bodies Asbestosis
Gardner's syndrome Colon polyps with osteomas and soft tissue tumors
Gaucher's disease Glucocerebrosidase deficiency
Ghon focus primary TB
Gilbert's syndrome Benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia Defect in platelet aggregation
Goodpasture's syndrome Autoantibodies against alveolar and glomerular basement membrane proteins
Gowers' maneuver Duchenne's (use of arms to help legs pick self up off floor)
Guillain-Barre syndrome idiopathic polyneuritis
"Hair-on-end" appearance on x-ray beta thalassemia, sickle cell. (extramedullary hematopoesis)
Hand-Schuller-Christian disease Chronic progressive histiocytosis
HbF Thalassemia major
HbS Sickle cell anemia
hCG elevated Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs without embryo)
Heberden's nodes Osteoarthritis (DIP swelling secondary to osteophytes)
Heinz bodies G6PD deficiency
Henoch-Schonlein purpura Hypersensitivity vasculitis associated with hemorrhagic urticaria and URIs
Heterophil antibodies Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
High-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy) Wet beriberi (Thiamine, vit B1 deficiency)
HLA B27 Reiter's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis
HLA-DR3 or DR4 Diabetes mellitus type 1 (autoimmune destruction of beta cells)
Homer Wright rosettes Neuroblastoma
Honeycomb lung on x-ray Interstitial fibrosis
(5) Disease/Finding (memorize)
Association (memorize)
Horner's syndrome Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
Howell-Jolly bodies Splenectomy (or nonfunctional spleen)
Huntington's Disease Caudate degeneration (autosomal dominant)
Hyperphagia + hypersexuality + hyperorality + hyperdocility Kluver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)
Hyperpigmentation of skin primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum Anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
Increased uric acid levels Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics
Intussusception Adenovirus (causes hyperplasia of Peyer's patches)
Janeway lesions Endocarditis
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction Syphilis-overaggressive treatment of an asymptomatic patient that causes symptoms due to rapid lysis
Job's syndrome Neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality
Kaposi's sarcoma AIDS in MSM
Kartagener's syndrome Dynein defect
Kayser-Fleischer rings Wilson's disease
Keratin pearls Squamous cell carcinoma
Kimmelsteil-Wilson nodules Diabetic nephropathy
Kluver-Bucy syndrome Bilateral amygdala leisons
Koilocytes HPV
Koplik spots Measles
Krukenberg tumor Gastric adenocarcinoma with ovarian metastases
Kussmaul hyperpnea Diabetic ketoacidosis
Lens dislocation + aortic dissection + joint hyperflexibility Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect)
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome HGPRT deficiency
Lewey Bodies Parkinson's disease
Libman-Sacks disease endocarditis associated with SLE
Lines of Zahn arterial thrombus
Lisch nodules Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease)
(5) Disease/Finding (memorize)
Association (memorize)
Low serum ceruloplasmin Wilson's disease
Loeffler endocarditis endomyocardial fibrosis with hypereosinophilia syndrome
Lucid interval Epidural hematoma
"Lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Lytic bone lesions on x-ray Multiple myeloma
Mallory bodies Alcoholic liver disease
Mallory-Weiss syndrome Esophagogastric lacerations
McArdle's disease Muscle phosphorylase deficiency
McBurney's sign Appendicitis
MLF syndrome (INO) Multiple sclerosis
Monoclonal antibody spike Multiple myleoma, MGUS, Waldenstrom's
Myxedema Hypothyroidism
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis Wegener's and Goodpasture's
Needle0shpaed, negatively birefringent crystals Gout
Negri bodies Rabies
Nephritis + cataracts + hearing loss Alport's syndrome
Neurofilbrillary tangles Alzheimer's disease
Niemann-Pick disease Sphingomyelinase deficiency
No lactation postpartum Sheehan's syndrome (pituatary infarction)
Nutmeg liver CHF
Occupational exposure to asbestos Malignant mesothelioma
"Orphan Annie" nuclei Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
Osler's nodes Endocarditis
Owl's eye CMV
Painless jaundice Pancreatic cancer (head)
Palpable purpura on legs and buttocks Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Pancoast's tumor Bronchogenic apical tumor assoc. with horner's syndrome
Pannus Rheumatoid arthritis
Parkinson's disease Nigrostriatal dopamine depletion
Periosteal elevation on x-ray pyogenic osteomyelitis
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome Benign polyposis
Peyronie's disease Penile fibrosis
(6) Disease/Finding (memorize)
Association (memorize)
Philadelphia chromosome CML (maybe sometimes AML)
Pick bodies Pick's disease
Pick's disease Progressive dememtia, similar to Alzheimer's
Plummer-Vinson syndrome Esophageal webs with iron deficiency anemia
Podagra Gout (MP joint of hallux)
Podocyte fusion Minimal change disease
Polyneuropathy, cardiac pathology, and edema Dry beriberi
Pompe's disease Lysosomal glucosidase deficiency assoc with cardiomegaly
Port-wine stain Hemangioma
Positivie anterior "drawer sign" Anterior cruciate ligament injury
Pott's disease Vertebral tuberculosis
Pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement Glioblastoma multiforme
Pseudorosettes Ewing's Sarcoma
Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis Horner's syndrome (often assoc w/ Pancoast's tumor)
Rash on palms and soles Syphilis, Rocky mountain spotted fever
Raynaud's syndrome Recurrent vasospasm in extremeties
RBC casts in urine acute glomerulonephritis
Recurrent pulmonary Pseudomonas and s. aureus infections cystic fibrosis
red urine in the morning paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Reed-Sternberg cells Hodgkin's lymphoma
Reid index increased Chronic bronchitis
Reinke crystals Leydig cell tumor
Reiter's syndrome urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis
Renal cell carcinoma + cavernous hemangiomas + adenomas von Hippel-Lindau disease
Renal epithelial cell casts in urine Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent Pseudogout
(7) Disease/Finding (memorize)
Association (memorize)
Rib notching coarctation of the aorta
Roth's spots in retina endocarditis
Rotor's syndrome congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Rouleaux formation (RBCs) Multiple myeloma
Russell bodies Multiple myeloma
S3 Left-to-right shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD), mitral regurg, LV failure (CHF)
S4 Aortic stenosis, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
Schiller-Duval bodies Yolk sac tumor
Senile plaques Alzheimer's disease
Sezary syndrome cutaneous t-cell lymphoma
Sheehan's syndrome postpartum pituitary necrosis
Shwartzman reaction Neisseria meningitidis
Signet-ring cells gastric carcinioma
Simian crease Down syndrome
Sipple's syndrome MEN type IIa
Sjogren's syndrome Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
Skip lesions Crohn's
Slapped cheeks Erythema infectosum (Fifth disease)
Smith antigen SLE
"Smudge cell" CLL
Soap bubble on x-ray Giant cell tumor of bone
Spike and dome on EM MEmbranous glomerulonephritis
Spitz nevus Benign juvenile melanoma
Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails Endocarditis
Starry-sky pattern Burkitt's lymphoma
Strawberry tongue Scarlet fever
Streaky ovaries turner's syndrome
String sign on x-ray Crohn's disease
Subepthlial humps on EM Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Suboccipital lymphadenopathy Rubella
Sulfur granules Actinomycetes israelii
Swollen gums, bruising, poor wound healing, anemia Scurvy (ascorbic acid, vitamin C deficiency)
Systolic ejection murmur (Crescendo/decrescendo) aortic stenosis
(8) Disease/Finding (memorize)
Association (memorize)
t(8;14) Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
t(9;22) Philadelphia chromosome, CML, bcr-abl
t(14;18) Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
Tabes dorsalis Tertiary syphilis
Tendon xanthomas (classically Achilles) Familial hypercholesterolemia
Thumb sign on lateral x-ray Epiglottitis (H. flu)
Thyroidization of kidney Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
Tophi Gout
"Tram-track" appearance on LM Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
Trousseau's sign Visceral cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (migratory thrombophlebitis), hypocalcemia (carpal spasm)
Virchow's node Left supraclavicular node enlargement from metastatic carcinoma of the stomach
Virchow's triad Pulmonary embolism=stasis, endothelial damage, hypercoagulable state
von Recklinghausen's disease Neurofibromatosis with cafe aulait spots
von Recklinghausen's disease of bone Osteitis fibrosa cystica ("Brown tumor")
Wallenberg's syndrome PICA thrombosis
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome Adrenal hemorrhage associated with meningococcemia
Waxy casts Chronic end-stage renal disease
WBC casts in urine Acute pyelonephritis
WBCs in urine Acute cystitis
Wermer's syndrome MEN type I
Whipple's disease Malabsorption syndrome caused by Tropheryma whippelii
Wilson's disease Hepatolenticular degeneration
"wire loop" appearance on LM Lupus nephropathy
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome sex linked recessive disorder: thrombocytopenia, eczema, recurrent sinopulmonary infections, low IgM, increased IgG, IgA, IgE. T cells can't bind B cells
"Worst headache of my life" Berry aneurysm, assoc with adult polycystic kidney dz
Xanthochromia (CSF) Subaracnoid hemorrhage
Xerostomia + arthritis + keratoconjunctivitis sicca Sjogren's syndrome
Zenker's diverticulum Upper GI diverticulum
Zollinger Ellison syndrome Gastrin-secreting tumor associated with ulcers
Most Common Associations
(9) Most common... (memorize)
is... (memorize)
Bacteremia/pneumonia (IVDA) S. aureus
Bacteria associated with cancer H. pylori
Bacteria found in GI tract Bacteroides fragilis
Brain tumor (adults) Mets>astrocytoma>meningioma>schannoma
Brain tumor (kids) Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
Brain tumor, supratentorial (kids) Craniopharyngioma
Breast cancer Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
Breast mass Fibrocystic change
Breast tumor (benign) Fibroadenoma
Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia patient Klebsiella
cardiac primary tumor (adults) Myxoma
cardiac primary tumor (kids) Rhabdomyoma
Cardiac tumor (adults) mets
Cardiomyopathy Dilated cardiomyopathy
Chromosomal disorder down syndrome
chronic arrhythmia Atrial fibrillation
Congenital cardiac anomaly VSD
Constrictive pericarditis Tuberculosis
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis LAD>RCA>LCA
Cyanosis (early; less common) T.O.F., transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
Cyanosis (late; more common) VSD, ASD, PDA (close with indomethacin, open with misoprostol)
Demyelinatin disease multiple sclerosis
Dietary deficit Iron
Epiglottitis H. flu type beeeeeeee
Esophageal cancer p53 tumor suppressor gene
Group affected by cystic fibrosis Caucasians
Gynecologic malignancy Endometrial carcinoma
Heart murmur Mitral valve prolapse
(10) Most common... (memorize)
is... (memorize)
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis Mitral
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis in IVDA Tricuspid
heart valve (rheumatic fever) Mitral, then aortic
Helminth infection (US) Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
Helminth infection #2 (US) Ascaris lumbricoides
Hereditary bleeding disorder von Willebrand's
Kidney stones Calcium = radiopaque
Liver disease alcoholic liver disease
locatio of brain tumors (adults) supratentorial
Location of brain tumors (kids) Infratentorial
Lysosomal storage disease Gaucher's disease
Male cancer Prostatic carcinoma
Malignancy assocaiated with noninfectious fever Hodgkin's disease
Malignant skin tumor Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)
Mets to bone breast, lung thyrouid, testes, prostate, kidney
Mets to brain lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell ca.), GI
Mets to liver colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung carcinomas
Motor neuron disease ALS
Neoplasm (kids) ALL
Nephrotic syndrome membranous glomerulonephritis
Obstruction of male urinary tract BPH
Opportunistic infection in AIDS PCP
Organ receiving mets Adrenal glands (due to rich blood supply)
Organ sending mets lung> breast, stomach
Ovarian tumor (benign) serous cystadenoma
Ovarian tumor (malignant) serous cystadenocarcinoma
Pancreatic tumor adenocarcinoma (head of pancreas)
Patient with ALL ALL-child
Patient with CLL Adult over 60
Patient with CML Adult 40-60
Patient with AML Adult 15-39
Patient with Hodgkin's Young male (except nodular sclerosing type-female)
Gender of patient with Reiter's Male
Pituitary tumor Prolactinoma (#2 is somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma)
(11) Most common... (memorize)
is... (memorize)
preventable cancer lung cancer
primary bone tumor (adults) multiple myeloma
primary hyper PTH adenomas followed by hyperplasia, then carcinoma)
primary liver tumor hepatoma
renal tumor renal cell carcinoma--associated with von Hippel-Lindau and acquired polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndromes (erythropoietin, renin, PTH, ACTH)
secondary hyper PTH hypocalcemia of chronic renal failure
sexually transmitted disease chlamydia
site of diverticua sigmoid colon
most common site of metastasis regional lymph nodes
second most common site of metastasis liver
sites of atherosclerosis abdominal aorta>coronary>popliteal>carotid
skin cancer basal cell carcinoma
stomach cancer adenocarcinoma
testicular cancer seminoma
thyroid cancer papillary carcinoma
tracheoesophageal fistula lower esophagus joins trachea/upper esophagus-blind pouch
tumor in men prostate carcinoma
tumor in women leiomyoma (estrogen dependent)
tumor of infancy hemangioma
tumor of the adrenal medulla(adults) pheochromocytoma(benign)
type of Hodgkin's Follicular, small cleaved
type of pituitary adenoma prolactinoma
vasculitis temporal arteritis(most common; risk of blindness due to thrombosis of opthalmic artery)
viral encephalitis HSV
vitamin deficiency (U.S.) folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores 3-4 month supply)
Memorize All "most common associations"
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Most Frequent Causes
(12) Most frequent cause of... (memorize)
...is (memorize)
addison's autoimmune (infection is number two)
aneurysm, dissecting hypertension
aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta atherosclerosis
bacterial meningitis (adults) N. meningitidis
bacterial meningitis (elderly) strep pneumo/pneumococcus
bacterial meningitis (kids) H. flu type beeeeeeee
bacterial meningitis (newborns) e.coli
cancer associated with AIDS Kaposi's sarcoma
congenital adrenal hyperplasia 21 hydroxylase deficiency
cretinism iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
cushing's syndrome corticosteroid therapy (2nd most common cause is excess ACTH secretion by pituitary)
death in CML Blast crisis
death in SLE lupus nephropathy
Dementia alzheimer's (2nd most common is multi-infarct)
DIC Gram negative Sepis, Trauma/burns, OB complications, Possible cancer, Transfusions, Acute pancreatitis, Nephrotic syndrome (STOP-TAN)
Ejection click aortic/pulmonic stenosis
food poisoning S. aureus
glomerulonephritis (adults) IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)
Hematoma-epidural rupture of middle meningeal artery (arterial bleeding is fast)
hematoma-subdural rupture of bridging veins (trauma; venous bleeding is slow)
hemochromatosis multiple blood transfusions (can result in CHF and increased risk of hepatocellular ca.)
hepatic cirrhosis EtOH
Hepatocellular carcinoma cirrhotic liver (often associated iwth hepatitis B and C
holosystolic murmur VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
hypertension, secondary renal disease
hypoparathyroidism thyroidectomy
hypopituitarism adenoma
infection in blood transfusion hepatitis C
infection in burn victims pseudomonas
(13) Most frequent cause of... (memorize)
...is (memorize)
leukemia (adults) AML
"machine like" murmur PDA
Mental retardation Down syndrome (fragile X is the second most common cause)
MI Atherosclerosis
Mitral valve stenosis rheumatic heart disease
myocarditis Coxackie B
nephrotic syndrome (adults) Membranous glomerulonephritis
Nephrotic syndrome (kids) Minimal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids)
Opening snap mitral stenosis
osteomyelitis s. aureus
osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease salmonella
osteomyelitis with IV drug users pseudomonas
pancreatitis (acute) EtOH and gallstones
Pancreatitis (chronic) EtOH (adults) and Cystic fibrosis (kids)
Peau d'orange carcinoma of the breast
PID neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis)
Pneumonia, hospital acquired klebsiella
pneumonia in cystic fibrosis, burn infections Pseudomonas aeruginosa
preventable blindness chlamydia
primary amenorrhea turner's (XO)
primary hyperaldosteronism adenoma of the adrenal cortex
primary hyperparathyroidism adenoma
pulmonary hypertension COPD
right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause cor pulmonale
right sided heart failure left-sided heart failure
sheehan's syndrome postpartum pituitary infarction secondary to hemorrhage
SIADH small cell carcinoma of the lung
UTI e.coli
UTI (young women) e.coli and staph saprophiticus
Albright's syndrome Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe-au-lait spots, short stature, young girls
Albuminocytologic dissociation Guillain-Barre (increased protein in CSF with only modest increase in cell count)
Alport's syndrome Hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness
Anti-basement membrane antibodies Goodpasture's syndrome
Anti-centromere antibodies Scleroderma (CREST)
Anti-epithelial cell antibodies pemphigus vulgaris
Anti-gliadin antibodies celiac disease
Anti-histone antibodies drug-induced SLE
Anti-IgG antibodies Rheumatoid
Anti-mitochondrial antibodies Primary biliary cirrhosis
Anti-platelet antibodies ITP
Arachnodactyly Marfan's syndrome
Argyll Robertson Pupil Neurosyphilis
Arnold Chiari malformation cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Aschoff bodies Rheumatic fever
Atrophy of the mamillary bodies Wernicke's encephalopathy
Auer rods Acute myelogenous leukemia (especially promyelocytic)
Autosplenectomy Sickle cell anemia
Babinski's sign UMN Lesion
Baker's cyst in popliteal fossa Rheumatoid arthritis
Bamboo spine ankylosing spondylitis
Bartter's syndrome Hyper-reninemia
Basophilic stippling of RBC Lead poisoning; beta-Thalassemia
Becker's muscular dystrophy defective dystrophin, less severe than Duchenne's
Bell's palsy LMN CN VII palsy
Bence Jones proteins Multiple myeloma (K or L light chains); Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
(2) Disease/Finding (memorize)
Association (memorize)
Berger's disease IgA nephropathy
Bernard-Soulier Defect in platelet adhesion
Bilateral Hilar Adenopathy & Uveitis Sarcoidosis
Birbeck Granules on EM Histiocytosis X (Eosinophilic granuloma)
Bloody tap on LP Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Blue Bloater Chronic Bronchitis
Blue domed cysts Fibrocystic change of breast
Blue Sclera osteogenesis imperfecta
Boot-shaped heart on x-ray T.O.F. or R Ventricle Hypertrophy
Bouchard's Nodule osteoarthritis (PIP swelling secondary to osteophytes)
Boutonnier deformity rheumatoid arthritis
Branching rods in oral infection Actinomyces israelii
Brown tumor of bone hemorrhage causes brown color of osteolytic cysts, caused by hyperparathyroidism, osteitis fibrosa cystica
Brushfield spots Down syndrome
Bruton's Disease X linked agammaglobulinemia (deficiency of tyrosine kinase)
Budd Chiari syndrome posthepatic venous thrombosis
Buerger's Disease thromboangiitis obliterans, small to medium artery vasculitis
Burkitt's Lymphoma t(8;14) associated with EBV
Burton's lines lead poisoning
c-anca wegener's granulomatosis
p-anca polyarteritis nodosa
cafe-au-lait spots on skin neurofibromatosis
Caisson disease nitrogen gas emboli
Calf pseudohypertrophy Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Call-exner bodies granulosa theca cell tumor of ovary
Cardiomegaly with atypical atrophy Chagas' Disease
Cerebriform nuclei mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma)
Chagas' disease Trypanosome infection (kissing bug feeds on sleeping persons, defecates in their wounds)
Chancre Primary syphilis (not painful)
Chancroid H. ducreyi (painful)
Charcot's Triad Multiple sclerosis: 1. nystagmus 2. intention tremor 3. scanning speech
Charcot's Triad Cholangitis: 1. RUQ pain 2. Fever 3. Jaundice
Charcot Leyden Crystals Bronchial asthma (pieces of eosinophil membranes)
Chediak-Higashi Disease Phagocyte deficiency
(3) Disease/Finding (memorize)
Association (memorize)
Cherry-red spot on macula Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick, central retinal artery occlusion
Cheyne Stokes Respiration Central apnea in CHF and increased ICP
Chocolate cysts Endometriosis
Chronic atrophic gastritis predisposition to gastric carcinoma
Chvosteks sign Hypocalcemia (facial muscle spasm upon tapping)
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina DES exposure in utero
Clue cells Gardnerella vaginitis
Codman's triangle on x-ray osteosarcoma
cold agglutinins Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis
Cold intolerance Hypothyroidism
Condylomata lata secondary syphilis
Continuous machinery murmur Patent ductus arteriosus
Cori's disease Debranching enzyme deficiency
Cotton-wool spots Chronic hypertension
Cough, conjuntivitis, coryza + fever measles
Councilman bodies toxic or viral hepatitis
Cowdry type A bodies herpes virus
Crescents in Bowman's capsule rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
Crigler-Najjar syndrome congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
curling's ulcer acute gastric ulcer associated with sever burns
Currant jelly sputum Klebsiella
Curschmann's spirals Bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs)
cushing's ulcer acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
D-Dimers DIC
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea Pellagra (niacin, vitamin B3 deficiency)
Diabetes insipidus + exopthalmos + lesions of skull Hand-Schuller-Christian disease
Doc or cat bite pasteurella multocida
Donovan bodies Granuloma inguinale
Dressler's syndrome Post-MI fibrinous pericarditis
(4) Disease/Finding (memorize)
Association (memorize)
Dubin-Johnson syndrome Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy deleted dystrophin gene (x-linked recessive)
Eburnation Osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearnace of bone)
Edwards' sydrome Trisomy 18: rocker-bottom feet, low set ears, heart disease
Eisenmenger's complex late cyaniosis shunt (uncorrected L to R shunt becomes R to L shunt)
Elastic skin Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Erb-Duchenne palsy Superior trunk brachial plexus injury ("waiter's tip")
Fanconi's syndrome proximal tubular reabsorption defect
"Fat, female, forty, fertile" Acute cholecystitis
Fatty liver Alcoholism
Ferruginous bodies Asbestosis
Gardner's syndrome Colon polyps with osteomas and soft tissue tumors
Gaucher's disease Glucocerebrosidase deficiency
Ghon focus primary TB
Gilbert's syndrome Benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia Defect in platelet aggregation
Goodpasture's syndrome Autoantibodies against alveolar and glomerular basement membrane proteins
Gowers' maneuver Duchenne's (use of arms to help legs pick self up off floor)
Guillain-Barre syndrome idiopathic polyneuritis
"Hair-on-end" appearance on x-ray beta thalassemia, sickle cell. (extramedullary hematopoesis)
Hand-Schuller-Christian disease Chronic progressive histiocytosis
HbF Thalassemia major
HbS Sickle cell anemia
hCG elevated Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs without embryo)
Heberden's nodes Osteoarthritis (DIP swelling secondary to osteophytes)
Heinz bodies G6PD deficiency
Henoch-Schonlein purpura Hypersensitivity vasculitis associated with hemorrhagic urticaria and URIs
Heterophil antibodies Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
High-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy) Wet beriberi (Thiamine, vit B1 deficiency)
HLA B27 Reiter's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis
HLA-DR3 or DR4 Diabetes mellitus type 1 (autoimmune destruction of beta cells)
Homer Wright rosettes Neuroblastoma
Honeycomb lung on x-ray Interstitial fibrosis
(5) Disease/Finding (memorize)
Association (memorize)
Horner's syndrome Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
Howell-Jolly bodies Splenectomy (or nonfunctional spleen)
Huntington's Disease Caudate degeneration (autosomal dominant)
Hyperphagia + hypersexuality + hyperorality + hyperdocility Kluver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)
Hyperpigmentation of skin primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum Anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
Increased uric acid levels Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics
Intussusception Adenovirus (causes hyperplasia of Peyer's patches)
Janeway lesions Endocarditis
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction Syphilis-overaggressive treatment of an asymptomatic patient that causes symptoms due to rapid lysis
Job's syndrome Neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality
Kaposi's sarcoma AIDS in MSM
Kartagener's syndrome Dynein defect
Kayser-Fleischer rings Wilson's disease
Keratin pearls Squamous cell carcinoma
Kimmelsteil-Wilson nodules Diabetic nephropathy
Kluver-Bucy syndrome Bilateral amygdala leisons
Koilocytes HPV
Koplik spots Measles
Krukenberg tumor Gastric adenocarcinoma with ovarian metastases
Kussmaul hyperpnea Diabetic ketoacidosis
Lens dislocation + aortic dissection + joint hyperflexibility Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect)
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome HGPRT deficiency
Lewey Bodies Parkinson's disease
Libman-Sacks disease endocarditis associated with SLE
Lines of Zahn arterial thrombus
Lisch nodules Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease)
(5) Disease/Finding (memorize)
Association (memorize)
Low serum ceruloplasmin Wilson's disease
Loeffler endocarditis endomyocardial fibrosis with hypereosinophilia syndrome
Lucid interval Epidural hematoma
"Lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Lytic bone lesions on x-ray Multiple myeloma
Mallory bodies Alcoholic liver disease
Mallory-Weiss syndrome Esophagogastric lacerations
McArdle's disease Muscle phosphorylase deficiency
McBurney's sign Appendicitis
MLF syndrome (INO) Multiple sclerosis
Monoclonal antibody spike Multiple myleoma, MGUS, Waldenstrom's
Myxedema Hypothyroidism
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis Wegener's and Goodpasture's
Needle0shpaed, negatively birefringent crystals Gout
Negri bodies Rabies
Nephritis + cataracts + hearing loss Alport's syndrome
Neurofilbrillary tangles Alzheimer's disease
Niemann-Pick disease Sphingomyelinase deficiency
No lactation postpartum Sheehan's syndrome (pituatary infarction)
Nutmeg liver CHF
Occupational exposure to asbestos Malignant mesothelioma
"Orphan Annie" nuclei Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
Osler's nodes Endocarditis
Owl's eye CMV
Painless jaundice Pancreatic cancer (head)
Palpable purpura on legs and buttocks Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Pancoast's tumor Bronchogenic apical tumor assoc. with horner's syndrome
Pannus Rheumatoid arthritis
Parkinson's disease Nigrostriatal dopamine depletion
Periosteal elevation on x-ray pyogenic osteomyelitis
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome Benign polyposis
Peyronie's disease Penile fibrosis
(6) Disease/Finding (memorize)
Association (memorize)
Philadelphia chromosome CML (maybe sometimes AML)
Pick bodies Pick's disease
Pick's disease Progressive dememtia, similar to Alzheimer's
Plummer-Vinson syndrome Esophageal webs with iron deficiency anemia
Podagra Gout (MP joint of hallux)
Podocyte fusion Minimal change disease
Polyneuropathy, cardiac pathology, and edema Dry beriberi
Pompe's disease Lysosomal glucosidase deficiency assoc with cardiomegaly
Port-wine stain Hemangioma
Positivie anterior "drawer sign" Anterior cruciate ligament injury
Pott's disease Vertebral tuberculosis
Pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement Glioblastoma multiforme
Pseudorosettes Ewing's Sarcoma
Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis Horner's syndrome (often assoc w/ Pancoast's tumor)
Rash on palms and soles Syphilis, Rocky mountain spotted fever
Raynaud's syndrome Recurrent vasospasm in extremeties
RBC casts in urine acute glomerulonephritis
Recurrent pulmonary Pseudomonas and s. aureus infections cystic fibrosis
red urine in the morning paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Reed-Sternberg cells Hodgkin's lymphoma
Reid index increased Chronic bronchitis
Reinke crystals Leydig cell tumor
Reiter's syndrome urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis
Renal cell carcinoma + cavernous hemangiomas + adenomas von Hippel-Lindau disease
Renal epithelial cell casts in urine Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent Pseudogout
(7) Disease/Finding (memorize)
Association (memorize)
Rib notching coarctation of the aorta
Roth's spots in retina endocarditis
Rotor's syndrome congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Rouleaux formation (RBCs) Multiple myeloma
Russell bodies Multiple myeloma
S3 Left-to-right shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD), mitral regurg, LV failure (CHF)
S4 Aortic stenosis, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
Schiller-Duval bodies Yolk sac tumor
Senile plaques Alzheimer's disease
Sezary syndrome cutaneous t-cell lymphoma
Sheehan's syndrome postpartum pituitary necrosis
Shwartzman reaction Neisseria meningitidis
Signet-ring cells gastric carcinioma
Simian crease Down syndrome
Sipple's syndrome MEN type IIa
Sjogren's syndrome Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
Skip lesions Crohn's
Slapped cheeks Erythema infectosum (Fifth disease)
Smith antigen SLE
"Smudge cell" CLL
Soap bubble on x-ray Giant cell tumor of bone
Spike and dome on EM MEmbranous glomerulonephritis
Spitz nevus Benign juvenile melanoma
Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails Endocarditis
Starry-sky pattern Burkitt's lymphoma
Strawberry tongue Scarlet fever
Streaky ovaries turner's syndrome
String sign on x-ray Crohn's disease
Subepthlial humps on EM Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Suboccipital lymphadenopathy Rubella
Sulfur granules Actinomycetes israelii
Swollen gums, bruising, poor wound healing, anemia Scurvy (ascorbic acid, vitamin C deficiency)
Systolic ejection murmur (Crescendo/decrescendo) aortic stenosis
(8) Disease/Finding (memorize)
Association (memorize)
t(8;14) Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
t(9;22) Philadelphia chromosome, CML, bcr-abl
t(14;18) Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
Tabes dorsalis Tertiary syphilis
Tendon xanthomas (classically Achilles) Familial hypercholesterolemia
Thumb sign on lateral x-ray Epiglottitis (H. flu)
Thyroidization of kidney Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
Tophi Gout
"Tram-track" appearance on LM Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
Trousseau's sign Visceral cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (migratory thrombophlebitis), hypocalcemia (carpal spasm)
Virchow's node Left supraclavicular node enlargement from metastatic carcinoma of the stomach
Virchow's triad Pulmonary embolism=stasis, endothelial damage, hypercoagulable state
von Recklinghausen's disease Neurofibromatosis with cafe aulait spots
von Recklinghausen's disease of bone Osteitis fibrosa cystica ("Brown tumor")
Wallenberg's syndrome PICA thrombosis
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome Adrenal hemorrhage associated with meningococcemia
Waxy casts Chronic end-stage renal disease
WBC casts in urine Acute pyelonephritis
WBCs in urine Acute cystitis
Wermer's syndrome MEN type I
Whipple's disease Malabsorption syndrome caused by Tropheryma whippelii
Wilson's disease Hepatolenticular degeneration
"wire loop" appearance on LM Lupus nephropathy
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome sex linked recessive disorder: thrombocytopenia, eczema, recurrent sinopulmonary infections, low IgM, increased IgG, IgA, IgE. T cells can't bind B cells
"Worst headache of my life" Berry aneurysm, assoc with adult polycystic kidney dz
Xanthochromia (CSF) Subaracnoid hemorrhage
Xerostomia + arthritis + keratoconjunctivitis sicca Sjogren's syndrome
Zenker's diverticulum Upper GI diverticulum
Zollinger Ellison syndrome Gastrin-secreting tumor associated with ulcers
Most Common Associations
(9) Most common... (memorize)
is... (memorize)
Bacteremia/pneumonia (IVDA) S. aureus
Bacteria associated with cancer H. pylori
Bacteria found in GI tract Bacteroides fragilis
Brain tumor (adults) Mets>astrocytoma>meningioma>schannoma
Brain tumor (kids) Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
Brain tumor, supratentorial (kids) Craniopharyngioma
Breast cancer Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
Breast mass Fibrocystic change
Breast tumor (benign) Fibroadenoma
Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia patient Klebsiella
cardiac primary tumor (adults) Myxoma
cardiac primary tumor (kids) Rhabdomyoma
Cardiac tumor (adults) mets
Cardiomyopathy Dilated cardiomyopathy
Chromosomal disorder down syndrome
chronic arrhythmia Atrial fibrillation
Congenital cardiac anomaly VSD
Constrictive pericarditis Tuberculosis
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis LAD>RCA>LCA
Cyanosis (early; less common) T.O.F., transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
Cyanosis (late; more common) VSD, ASD, PDA (close with indomethacin, open with misoprostol)
Demyelinatin disease multiple sclerosis
Dietary deficit Iron
Epiglottitis H. flu type beeeeeeee
Esophageal cancer p53 tumor suppressor gene
Group affected by cystic fibrosis Caucasians
Gynecologic malignancy Endometrial carcinoma
Heart murmur Mitral valve prolapse
(10) Most common... (memorize)
is... (memorize)
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis Mitral
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis in IVDA Tricuspid
heart valve (rheumatic fever) Mitral, then aortic
Helminth infection (US) Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
Helminth infection #2 (US) Ascaris lumbricoides
Hereditary bleeding disorder von Willebrand's
Kidney stones Calcium = radiopaque
Liver disease alcoholic liver disease
locatio of brain tumors (adults) supratentorial
Location of brain tumors (kids) Infratentorial
Lysosomal storage disease Gaucher's disease
Male cancer Prostatic carcinoma
Malignancy assocaiated with noninfectious fever Hodgkin's disease
Malignant skin tumor Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)
Mets to bone breast, lung thyrouid, testes, prostate, kidney
Mets to brain lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell ca.), GI
Mets to liver colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung carcinomas
Motor neuron disease ALS
Neoplasm (kids) ALL
Nephrotic syndrome membranous glomerulonephritis
Obstruction of male urinary tract BPH
Opportunistic infection in AIDS PCP
Organ receiving mets Adrenal glands (due to rich blood supply)
Organ sending mets lung> breast, stomach
Ovarian tumor (benign) serous cystadenoma
Ovarian tumor (malignant) serous cystadenocarcinoma
Pancreatic tumor adenocarcinoma (head of pancreas)
Patient with ALL ALL-child
Patient with CLL Adult over 60
Patient with CML Adult 40-60
Patient with AML Adult 15-39
Patient with Hodgkin's Young male (except nodular sclerosing type-female)
Gender of patient with Reiter's Male
Pituitary tumor Prolactinoma (#2 is somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma)
(11) Most common... (memorize)
is... (memorize)
preventable cancer lung cancer
primary bone tumor (adults) multiple myeloma
primary hyper PTH adenomas followed by hyperplasia, then carcinoma)
primary liver tumor hepatoma
renal tumor renal cell carcinoma--associated with von Hippel-Lindau and acquired polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndromes (erythropoietin, renin, PTH, ACTH)
secondary hyper PTH hypocalcemia of chronic renal failure
sexually transmitted disease chlamydia
site of diverticua sigmoid colon
most common site of metastasis regional lymph nodes
second most common site of metastasis liver
sites of atherosclerosis abdominal aorta>coronary>popliteal>carotid
skin cancer basal cell carcinoma
stomach cancer adenocarcinoma
testicular cancer seminoma
thyroid cancer papillary carcinoma
tracheoesophageal fistula lower esophagus joins trachea/upper esophagus-blind pouch
tumor in men prostate carcinoma
tumor in women leiomyoma (estrogen dependent)
tumor of infancy hemangioma
tumor of the adrenal medulla(adults) pheochromocytoma(benign)
type of Hodgkin's Follicular, small cleaved
type of pituitary adenoma prolactinoma
vasculitis temporal arteritis(most common; risk of blindness due to thrombosis of opthalmic artery)
viral encephalitis HSV
vitamin deficiency (U.S.) folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores 3-4 month supply)
Memorize All "most common associations"
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Most Frequent Causes
(12) Most frequent cause of... (memorize)
...is (memorize)
addison's autoimmune (infection is number two)
aneurysm, dissecting hypertension
aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta atherosclerosis
bacterial meningitis (adults) N. meningitidis
bacterial meningitis (elderly) strep pneumo/pneumococcus
bacterial meningitis (kids) H. flu type beeeeeeee
bacterial meningitis (newborns) e.coli
cancer associated with AIDS Kaposi's sarcoma
congenital adrenal hyperplasia 21 hydroxylase deficiency
cretinism iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
cushing's syndrome corticosteroid therapy (2nd most common cause is excess ACTH secretion by pituitary)
death in CML Blast crisis
death in SLE lupus nephropathy
Dementia alzheimer's (2nd most common is multi-infarct)
DIC Gram negative Sepis, Trauma/burns, OB complications, Possible cancer, Transfusions, Acute pancreatitis, Nephrotic syndrome (STOP-TAN)
Ejection click aortic/pulmonic stenosis
food poisoning S. aureus
glomerulonephritis (adults) IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)
Hematoma-epidural rupture of middle meningeal artery (arterial bleeding is fast)
hematoma-subdural rupture of bridging veins (trauma; venous bleeding is slow)
hemochromatosis multiple blood transfusions (can result in CHF and increased risk of hepatocellular ca.)
hepatic cirrhosis EtOH
Hepatocellular carcinoma cirrhotic liver (often associated iwth hepatitis B and C
holosystolic murmur VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
hypertension, secondary renal disease
hypoparathyroidism thyroidectomy
hypopituitarism adenoma
infection in blood transfusion hepatitis C
infection in burn victims pseudomonas
(13) Most frequent cause of... (memorize)
...is (memorize)
leukemia (adults) AML
"machine like" murmur PDA
Mental retardation Down syndrome (fragile X is the second most common cause)
MI Atherosclerosis
Mitral valve stenosis rheumatic heart disease
myocarditis Coxackie B
nephrotic syndrome (adults) Membranous glomerulonephritis
Nephrotic syndrome (kids) Minimal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids)
Opening snap mitral stenosis
osteomyelitis s. aureus
osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease salmonella
osteomyelitis with IV drug users pseudomonas
pancreatitis (acute) EtOH and gallstones
Pancreatitis (chronic) EtOH (adults) and Cystic fibrosis (kids)
Peau d'orange carcinoma of the breast
PID neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis)
Pneumonia, hospital acquired klebsiella
pneumonia in cystic fibrosis, burn infections Pseudomonas aeruginosa
preventable blindness chlamydia
primary amenorrhea turner's (XO)
primary hyperaldosteronism adenoma of the adrenal cortex
primary hyperparathyroidism adenoma
pulmonary hypertension COPD
right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause cor pulmonale
right sided heart failure left-sided heart failure
sheehan's syndrome postpartum pituitary infarction secondary to hemorrhage
SIADH small cell carcinoma of the lung
UTI e.coli
UTI (young women) e.coli and staph saprophiticus
