03-11-2006, 12:06 PM
1. Which of the following most affects expression of specific cellular RNAs in the fast-growing liver cells of an infant?
A. Mitochondrial proteins
B. Nuclear transcription factors
C. Peroxisomal proteins
D. Ribosomes
E. Vitamins
2. Oxidation of which of the following compounds requires carnitine?
A. Acetoacetate
B. Ethanol
C. Oxaloacetate
D. Palmitate
E. Pyruvate
3. A newborn with phenylketonuria is started on a strict phenylalanine-restricted diet. Which of the following amino acids must be supplemented to avoid negative nitrogen balance?
A. Arginine
B. Isoleucine
C. Lysine
D. Tryptophan
E. Tyrosine
4. The graph shows changes in the volume of an erythrocyte after it is added to an NaCl solution. Which of the following is the most likely concentration (in mM) of NaCl in the solution?
A. 75
B. 150
C. 300
D. 500
E. 1500
5. Which of the following is vascularized by the artery of the foregut but is not itself a foregut derivative?
A. Duodenum
B. Gallbladder
C. Liver
D. Pancreas
E. Spleen
6. A 75-year-old woman with metastatic small cell carcinoma of the lung is brought to the emergency department after collapsing. On arrival, she is pale, sweating, and lethargic. Her temperature is 37.2°C (99°F), pulse is 130/min and weak, respirations are 25/min, and blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg. Breath sounds are decreased bilaterally. An x-ray of the chest shows a tumor mass in the hilar area and an additional radiodensity in the left lower lobe of the lung. She dies within a few hours despite supportive care and antimicrobial therapy. Cultures of blood collected at the time of admission grow Klebsiella pneumoniae. Which of the following is the most likely mediator released from macrophages that initiated the process that led to her death?
A. Alpha-1-Antitrypsin
B. Complement C3b
C. C-reactive protein
D. Factor XII (Hageman factor)
E. Interferon-gamma
F. Interleukin-8 (IL-8)
G. Platelet-activating factor
H. Tumor necrosis factor
I. Interferon-alpha
7. A 45-year-old woman has the recent onset of shortness of breath. She has had a cough and a 14-kg (30-lb) weight loss over the past 6 months. An x-ray of the chest shows a 4-cm mass in the middle lobe of the right lung. Examination of tissue obtained on biopsy shows a small cell, neuroendocrine lung carcinoma. Which of the following abnormalities is most likely to develop in this patient?
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Polycythemia
8. A 45-year-old woman has increasing dyspnea and fatigue. She is pale. Hemoglobin concentration is 7.5 g/dL, leukocyte count is 4500/mm3, and platelet count is 89,000/mm3. A peripheral blood smear is shown. Based on these findings, which of the following additional findings is most likely?
A. Antiparietal cell antibodies in serum
B. Decreased serum concentration of iron
C. Increased hemoglobin A2 on hemoglobin electrophoresis
D. Increased osmotic fragility of the erythrocytes
E. Positive direct antiglobulin test
9. The epidermal growth factor receptor and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor are both classified as which of the following?
A. Calcium-dependent protein kinases
B. cGMP receptors
C. JAK/STAT kinases
D. Receptor guanylyl cyclases
E. Receptor serine/threonine kinases
F. Receptor tyrosine kinases
10. A 20-year-old woman ingests 100 tablets (500 mg per tablet) of acetaminophen in a suicide attempt; she does not lose consciousness. She seems healthy for the next 2 days and then develops massive hepatic failure. Which of the following is the primary mechanism responsible for the hepatic failure?
A. Depletion of intracellular reduced glutathione
B. Formation of excessive superoxide in the hepatocytes
C. Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase
D. Inhibition of ATPase-dependent transport
E. Stimulation of cytochrome oxidase
A. Mitochondrial proteins
B. Nuclear transcription factors
C. Peroxisomal proteins
D. Ribosomes
E. Vitamins
2. Oxidation of which of the following compounds requires carnitine?
A. Acetoacetate
B. Ethanol
C. Oxaloacetate
D. Palmitate
E. Pyruvate
3. A newborn with phenylketonuria is started on a strict phenylalanine-restricted diet. Which of the following amino acids must be supplemented to avoid negative nitrogen balance?
A. Arginine
B. Isoleucine
C. Lysine
D. Tryptophan
E. Tyrosine
4. The graph shows changes in the volume of an erythrocyte after it is added to an NaCl solution. Which of the following is the most likely concentration (in mM) of NaCl in the solution?
A. 75
B. 150
C. 300
D. 500
E. 1500
5. Which of the following is vascularized by the artery of the foregut but is not itself a foregut derivative?
A. Duodenum
B. Gallbladder
C. Liver
D. Pancreas
E. Spleen
6. A 75-year-old woman with metastatic small cell carcinoma of the lung is brought to the emergency department after collapsing. On arrival, she is pale, sweating, and lethargic. Her temperature is 37.2°C (99°F), pulse is 130/min and weak, respirations are 25/min, and blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg. Breath sounds are decreased bilaterally. An x-ray of the chest shows a tumor mass in the hilar area and an additional radiodensity in the left lower lobe of the lung. She dies within a few hours despite supportive care and antimicrobial therapy. Cultures of blood collected at the time of admission grow Klebsiella pneumoniae. Which of the following is the most likely mediator released from macrophages that initiated the process that led to her death?
A. Alpha-1-Antitrypsin
B. Complement C3b
C. C-reactive protein
D. Factor XII (Hageman factor)
E. Interferon-gamma
F. Interleukin-8 (IL-8)
G. Platelet-activating factor
H. Tumor necrosis factor
I. Interferon-alpha
7. A 45-year-old woman has the recent onset of shortness of breath. She has had a cough and a 14-kg (30-lb) weight loss over the past 6 months. An x-ray of the chest shows a 4-cm mass in the middle lobe of the right lung. Examination of tissue obtained on biopsy shows a small cell, neuroendocrine lung carcinoma. Which of the following abnormalities is most likely to develop in this patient?
A. Hypocalcemia
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Polycythemia
8. A 45-year-old woman has increasing dyspnea and fatigue. She is pale. Hemoglobin concentration is 7.5 g/dL, leukocyte count is 4500/mm3, and platelet count is 89,000/mm3. A peripheral blood smear is shown. Based on these findings, which of the following additional findings is most likely?
A. Antiparietal cell antibodies in serum
B. Decreased serum concentration of iron
C. Increased hemoglobin A2 on hemoglobin electrophoresis
D. Increased osmotic fragility of the erythrocytes
E. Positive direct antiglobulin test
9. The epidermal growth factor receptor and the platelet-derived growth factor receptor are both classified as which of the following?
A. Calcium-dependent protein kinases
B. cGMP receptors
C. JAK/STAT kinases
D. Receptor guanylyl cyclases
E. Receptor serine/threonine kinases
F. Receptor tyrosine kinases
10. A 20-year-old woman ingests 100 tablets (500 mg per tablet) of acetaminophen in a suicide attempt; she does not lose consciousness. She seems healthy for the next 2 days and then develops massive hepatic failure. Which of the following is the primary mechanism responsible for the hepatic failure?
A. Depletion of intracellular reduced glutathione
B. Formation of excessive superoxide in the hepatocytes
C. Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase
D. Inhibition of ATPase-dependent transport
E. Stimulation of cytochrome oxidase