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HY Physiology :))) - chebli - Printable Version +- USMLE Forum - Largest USMLE Community (https://www.usmleforum.com) +-- Forum: USMLE Forum (https://www.usmleforum.com/forumdisplay.php?fid=1) +--- Forum: Step 1 (https://www.usmleforum.com/forumdisplay.php?fid=2) +--- Thread: HY Physiology :))) - chebli (/showthread.php?tid=247065) Pages:
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HY Physiology :))) - chebli - ArchivalUser - 11-27-2007 Dr Farah, Salaam! Herer what you asked for: Characteristic Disease 1 damage to what structure might produce hair cell loss? Organ of Corti 2 physiological changes seen in people living at high altitude ↑mito density, pulm vasoconstriction, ↑EPO, ↑renal bicarb excretion 3 bright reddish-pink acellular area around the graffian follicle zona pellucida 4 in a dehydrated patient, what part of the tubular system of the kidney has the lowest tubular fluid Osm? early distal tubule 5 increased peripheral resistance would occur from stimulating which type of neuron? sympathetic adrenergic 6 sweat glands are innervated by sympathetic cholinergic neurons 7 CO x TPR = ? mean BP (approximately; exactly = mean systemic pressure - RA pressure) 8 TPR = ? (mean systemic pressure - RA pressure)/CO 9 on a P-V diagram, stroke work is found by . area of the rectangle 10 on a P-V diagram, stroke volume is found by EDV-ESV 11 major mechanism for controlling extracellular sodium concentration (Osm) ADH 12 major mechanism to retain sodium (do not affect Osm) Angiotensin-aldosterone system (keep Na and water both in, so no effect on Osm) 13 cytoplasmic and nuclear blebbing are features of apoptosis 14 equation to find renal clearance of any substance CL = (Conc urine)(Vol urine)/(Conc plasma) 15 fenestrated epithelia are a feature of which organ? liver 16 type of pituitary cell that secretes growth hormone somatotrophs 17 inhibitor of growth hormone release somatostatin 18 ADH is released in response to increased plasma osmolarity 19 three phases of spermatogenesis spermatocytogenesis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis 20 which is more acidic: venous or arterial blood? venous 21 indicator used to assess extracellular space inulin 22 interstitial volume + plasma volume = ? extracellular volume (inulin space) 23 indicator used to assess plasma volume (125)I-albumin (umm yes, albumin stays in the plasma) 24 heavy water is used to assess total body water (umm yes, water distributes throughout the body) 25 decreased blood flow causes the release of ____ from the JGA renin 26 oocytes arrest in what phase of differentiation for most of a woman's life? prophase of meiosis I 27 tubular fluid with the lowest osm is found in the macula densa (border between TAL and DCT) 28 name some things that increase the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen decreased Co2, decreased 2,3-DPG, decreased body temp 29 what causes the "a" wave on jugular venous tracing? RA contraction 30 what causes the "c" wave on jugular venous tracing? RV contraction (tricuspid valve bulges into atrium) 31 what causes the "v" wave on jugular venous tracing? increased atrial pressure due to filling against closed tricuspid valve (diastole) 32 mannose-6-phosphate is added to proteins in what organelle? Golgi apparatus 33 Giemsa stain is used to identify what type of cell? mast cells 34 lung volume associated with a + airway pressure total lung capacity 35 a brush border exists on which part of the kidney? proximal tubule 36 which hormone induces the change from proliferative to secretory endometrium? progesterone 37 what CV change occurs when one stands from a supine position? increased HR 38 fainting and blurred vision in hyperventilation is due to reduced cerebral blood flow (decreased pCO2) 39 role of vWF in clot formation binds exposed collagen to circulating platelets 40 reduction in sodium intake will cause renin to . increase 41 Mullerian Inhibitory Factor is secreted by Sertoli cells (male genotype) 42 what activates 1-alpha-hydroxylase in the kidney? PTH 43 this part of the esophagus has both smooth and striated mm middle third (upper is entirely skeletal, lower is entirely smooth) 44 what type of mm is the UES? cricopharyngeus is skeletal 45 what type of mm is the LES? smooth mm 46 name the products of acidophils from the pituitary GH and prolactin 47 name the products of basophils from the pituitary LH, FSH, ACTH, TSH 48 type of epithelium contained in the distal esophagus nonkeratinized stratified squamous 49 eggs are arrested in ___ until ovulation diplotene stage of meiosis I 50 the largest drop in BP occurs on the course of what type of vessel? arteriole 51 what hormone is secreted in response to ingested (not infused) glucose and increases the output of insulin from the pancreas? gastric inhibitory peptide 52 part of the placenta derived from mom lacunar network 53 parts of the placenta derived from baby chorion (cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast) and primary villus 54 why does massive damage occur when cartilege is infected? it is avascular, so the blood components to fight the infection cannot get to the site 55 what does isometric mean? muscle contraction without change in length 56 what does isotonic mean? muscle contraction without change in tension (change in length occurs 57 range of blood pH in a neonate of a few minutes 7.11-7.36 (note difference in adults!) 58 range of PO2 in a neonate of a few minutes 8-24 mmHg (really low!) 59 range of pCO2 in a neonate of a few minutes 27-40 mmHg 60 if creation of CO2 remains constant, but ventilation increases by 4-fold, pCO2 decreases by 4-fold 61 peripheral nerve axons are wrapped in Schwann cells 62 the nuceli of spinal nerves are located in . CNS 63 most of the water reabsorbed by the kidney is reabsorbed in which part? proximal tubule 64 If ADH is really, really high, where is most of the water filtered by the kidney reabsorbed? proximal tubule 65 what covers most microvilli in vivo? glycocalyx 66 trichrome stain is used for fibrous tissue from nn and mm 67 how does testosterone hang out in the blood? bound to steroid-binding globulins 68 what are implantation receptors? expressed by a fertilized egg in preparation for implantation into the uterus 69 "the acrosome reaction" involves the egg's zona pellucida and the sperm's acrosome 70 TLC-RV = ? FVC 71 what hormone maintains the corpus luteum during the first trimester of pregnancy? hCG 72 name the evolutionary stages of a sperm from spermatogonia to spermatozoa sprematogonia (2N) > primary spermatocyte (4N) > secondary spermatocyte (2N) > spermatid (1N) > (spermiogenesis) > spermatozoa (1N) 73 what happens to vascular resistance in exercising mm? decreases (allows more blood flow) 74 the structure limiting the filling of the ventricles fibrous pericardium 75 the vast majority of coronary aa blood flow occurs during phase 1, or ventricular filling phase of diastole 76 is T3 converted peripherally to T4? nonkeratinized stratified squamous 77 what is the A band of the sarcomere? region containing the length of the myosin fibers 78 theca cells are stimulated by (LH/FSH) and secrete LH, androgens 79 granulosa cells secrete estrogens (take the androgens produced by the theca cells and aromatize them) 80 granulosa cells are stimulated by (FSH/LH) FSH (stimulates aromatase) AND LH 81 what is the effect of LH on the theca and granulosa cells? both secrete more progesterone 82 most blood volume is contained in which vessels? venules and veins 83 under optimal conditions, nerves can grow at a rate of 1mm/day 84 labile cells are also known as . continuously dividing cells 85 stable cells are also known as quiescent cells 86 secondary lysosomes are found in which three cell types? macrophages, fibroblasts, and epithelium 87 smooth muscle cells are found in what part of an arteriole? media 88 elastin fibers are foun in the (3) aorta, vocal cords, and ligamentum flavum (connecting the vertebrae) 89 hormone secreted by the intestine in the fasting state; causes hunger pains motilin 90 an increase in firing rate of afferent CN X fibers indicates increased blood pressure (aortic arch baroreceptors) 91 where on the sarcomere are gap junctions found? intercalated disks 92 name the changes an infusion of 3L of blood following an MVA would cause in CO, SV, TPR, and RA pressure increased CO/SV/RA pressure, decreased TPR due to baroreceptor reflex 93 how the kidney deals with inulin freely filtered but not secreted or reabsorbed 94 CL(inulin) = ? GFR 95 how the kidney deals with PAH freely filtered and secreted 96 CL(PAH) = ? ERPF (underestimated by 10%) 97 treatment of an Ig with pepsin yields (Fab)2 fragment and Fc fragment; can still precipitate its ligand 98 as cross-sectional area increases in the lung, air velocity decreases 99 in order for an egg to complete meiosis II, what must occur? fertilization 100 abrupt decline in progesterone levels during the first trimester will result in inability to maintain the endometrium and expulsion of the fetus 101 progesterone secretion is stimulated by ___ during the first trimester hCG 102 treatment with papain of an Ig results in 2 Fab fragments and an Fc fragment 103 histologically, fibers of the AV node look like cardiac muscle fibers 104 the slowest conduction in the heart occurs through the AV node 105 the fastest conduction in the heart occurs through the Purkinje fibers 106 what is the most important factor in matching R ventricular output to L vent output? length-tension relationship of cardiac mm 107 oxygen consumption by the heart is closely correlated with CO x aortic pressure (or work) 108 lipoprotein lipase binds to and utilizes chylomicrons 109 the afferent arm of the baroreceptor reflex responds to vessel stretch 110 plasma insulin concentration is (high/low) during the third trimester of pregnancy high 111 an infusion of 1 L of what type of solution would produce a large increase in interstitial fluid volume? isotonic saline (no colloid osmotic pressure) 112 increasing HR will not increase CO unless ___ also increases venous return 113 what is capacitation? process that modifies the sperm cell membrane so that the acrosomal reaction can occur (happens in the uterus) 114 the organ with the lowest A-V O2 difference kidneys 115 describe the female hormones just prior to menstruation decreasing sex steroids, increasing LH/FSH, falling body temperature 116 describe the female hormones just prior to ovulation LH/FSH/estrogen falling, progesterone climbing 117 what hormone causes the increase in basal body temperature after ovulation? progesterone 118 during the secretory phase, where does the progesterone come from? corpus luteum 119 hCG acts like ___ during the first trimester of pregnancy LH 120 inulin space is equivalent to extracellular volume 121 IGF-1 is secreted by ___ in response to ___ hepatocytes, GH in the blood 122 when a supine patient stands, what happens to HR? increases 123 calcium deposition in the mitochondria indicates the transition from reversible cell injury to irreversible injury and death 124 which anterior pituitary cells stain with eosin? ones that secrete FSH, LH, ACTH, MSH (??) 125 multiple small cytoplasmic structures covering the outside of the glomerular lobes epithelial foot processes 126 at what place in the body does Cl leave the RBC? as the cell passes through the lungs 127 prednisone therapy would cause atrophy of which two portions of the adrenal? fasciculata and reticularis 128 acrosin helps sperm to break through the zona pellucida of the egg 129 how to differentiate cardiac from skeletal mm cardiac mm for intercalated discs at junctions between cells 130 androstenedione that diffuses to the granulosa is converted to estradiol 131 a normal FEV1/FVC ratio is seen in what type of lung disease? restrictive 132 mottled, irregular, blue structure in the perimuclear cytoplasm rough ER 133 two primary storage sites for histamine basophils and mast cells 134 on the 22nd of the month, what hormone is much elevated compared to Day 1? progesterone 135 when Ag binds to IgE on the surface of the basophil, what happens? release of histamine and heparin 136 the factor required for coagulation when injuries to the endothelium have occurred Factor VIII 137 the macrophages of the CNS microglia 138 which lung volume cannot be measured by spirometry? RV 139 aldosterone is produced in cell of the (be specific) zona glomerulosa 140 how long does the body take to produce a sperm? around 2 months 141 what is the function of laminin? mediates attachment of epithelial cells to connective tissue 142 columnar epithelium with abundant cilia is seen in what part of the female GU tract? fallopian tube 143 describe the histology of a branch of the bile duct system small lumen surrounded by cuboidal epithelium w/ thin layer of smooth mm outside the epithelim 144 the difference between plasma and serum serum is plasma without clotting factors & fibrin 145 the first step in the formation of a thrombus platelet adhesion 146 what factor causes pulmonary vasoconstriction? low O2 147 epithelium with a brush border is located in what part of the kidney? proximal convoluted tubule 148 what kind of epithelium is found in the jejunum? nonciliated columnar 149 inulin space is equivalent to extracellular fluid volume 150 which kidney aa lie between two capillary beds? efferent arterioles 151 PO2 of umbilical aa (>/</=) PO2 of mom's blood umbilical aa carries deoxygenated blood; PO2 of umbilical aa < mom's blood 152 hematocrit of mom (>/</=) hematocrit of full-term baby Hct mom = 32-34; Hct baby = 44 153 CHO contain ___ kCal/g 4 154 fats contain ___ kCal/g 9 155 proteins contain ___ kCal/g 4 156 peptide that produces vasodilation by the production of NO bradykinin 157 can histamine be inactivated by peptidases? no - its an aa 158 vomiting causes what acid-base disorder? metabolic alkalosis 159 failure to secrete MIF results in phenotypic male with uterus and uterine tubes 160 describe the tonicity of fluid lost in diarrhea isotonic 161 describe autoregulation constant blood flow even when MAP changes 162 alveolar ventilation depends on three things: tidal volume, dead space, and frequency 163 the role of spectrin on the red cell membrane aids in deformability through caps 164 absence of receptive relaxation indicates a lesion of the vagal innervation of the stomach 0 - ArchivalUser - 11-27-2007 ![]() 0 - ArchivalUser - 11-28-2007 gr8 job 0 - ArchivalUser - 11-28-2007 hi Dr chebli i just cant believe it .....thanx a million....i wish u tremendous success not only in ths exam but also in ur whole professional n personal life......thnx once again 4 ur genorousity......i m veryyyyyyyyy confused n upset bcz of ths exam its on 31st feb cn u giv me tips 4 the last 2 mnths of my prep im studying 4 the last 3 yrs withalotof breaks still hav problems memorizing thng n retaning thm now tht i only hav 2 mnths cn u gv me a tight schedule i promise i wil follow it.....plz do reply..GL.... 0 - ArchivalUser - 11-29-2007 Since many fellows still looking for the notes, I thougt of bring it again to the surface. 0 - ArchivalUser - 11-29-2007 Dr. Farrah, Are doing MCQs? If the answer is YES, then are reading the explanatin with full concentration? If YES, are adding some new points on the original material you have read? If the answer is yes, then go through your notes again, and keep doing MCQs. Remeber to give one hour for the HY at least every day. Make fix, every day, one more hour for another HY material you have chosen to do. Do every day 50 question with the explanation, all of it, the wrong and the correct ones. Good luck ![]() 0 - ArchivalUser - 11-30-2007 AOK...ok i wil follow ur advice n do 50qs /d...as wel as hy....thanx gl. 0 - ArchivalUser - 11-30-2007 MY NAME IS DR KAMRAN N I JUST START STUDYING SO NEED YUR HELP ABT THE BOOKS N FRM WHERE I SHD DO THE QUESTIONS N PLZ ADVICE ME THE TIME TABLE I SHD FOLLOW PLZ PLZ MAY ALLAH BLESS YU WITH LOTS OF SUCCESS COZ YUR HELPING PEOPLE OUT THNKS WAITING FR YUR REPLY DR KAMRAN 0 - ArchivalUser - 12-04-2007 Send me your email please. 0 - ArchivalUser - 01-18-2008 lotus 2008 Thank a lots, please do u have the links for biochem, micro, physio 2007 lecture notes. in pdf.If so please give me the links. thaks again |