macrophage - abrahem

[ArchivalUser]

which one activate the macrophage to produce lysosome
IL11 or TNF alpha?
the other option :
IL12
TGF beta
IL4

[ArchivalUser]

interferon gamma activate macrophage but its not in option
may be IL 12? as its stimulate conversion of TH0 TO Th1
????

[ArchivalUser]

i didnt find it,seem we will study all the headache tables and then the question will not come from them

[ArchivalUser]

yes i know thats so hectic and soooo much stuff but other has done it so we can do too, but may be at the end we ll have dilated hypertrophied hippocampus))) just kidding
relax and read

[ArchivalUser]

any one know the answer for this question?

[ArchivalUser]

CYTOKINES WHICH EXERT THEIR EFFECTS ON MACROPHAGES
IL-4, IL-10, INF gamma, TNF alpha, TGF-beta


IFN-gamma

Interferon-gamma is produced by Th1 T-lymphocytes and by activated Natural Killer (NK) cells. IFN-gamma activates macrophages to kill pathogens and upregulates macrophage MHC class II expression.
IFN-gamma with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) upregulates respiratory burst and nitric oxide
production.

IL-4

Interleukin 4 is produced by Th2 T-lymphocytes and its effects can oppose those of IFN-gamma.
IL-4 causes macrophage fusion to form multinucleate giant cells in culture.
IL-4 induces MHC class II.
IL-4 induces Mannose receptor expression and endocytosis in macrophages .
IL-4 induces an alternative form of macrophage activation.
IL-4 has many effects on B-cells including up regulation of MHC class II and Ig class switching.

IL-13

Interleukin 13 has very similar biological effects on macrophages to IL-4. Its receptor has a specific chain and a chain shared with IL-4.

TGF-beta

Also produced by macrophages.
Transforming Growth Factor-b primes some macrophage functions (eg chemotaxis, TIMP secretion) but inhibits other macrophage functions (eg macrophage NO synthesis).
TGF-b1 is found at highest concentration in platelets.
TGF-b stimulates osteoblasts and inhibits osteoclasts playing an important role in bone remodelling.
TGF-b inhibits activated macrophage production of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen metabolites.
TGF-b stimulates macrophage secretion of various growth factors eg PDGF-B .
TGF-b stimulates macrophage secretion of extracellular matrix components.

M-CSF

Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF or CSF-1) is produced by many cells eg fibroblasts including macrophages themselves and is important for the survival, proliferation and differentiation of monocytes, macrophages, osteoclasts and their precursors.
M-CSF is an important cytokine for upregulation of Macrophage Scavenger Receptor activity.
M-CSF exerts its biological effects through binding to the M-CSF receptor, the product of the c-fms proto- oncogene.

[ArchivalUser]

the answer is IFN-gamma
i just found it
thx progesterone

[ArchivalUser]

thx to all of u