05-05-2007, 10:09 AM
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Bacillus (Aerobic, spore-forming, with Exotoxin) Gm+ Rods
B. anthracis
Diseases Characteristics Habitat/Transmission Pathogenesis Diagnosis Treatment Prevention
Woolsorter™s diseasepulmonary
anthrax, pneumonia
Large w/ square
ends, nonmotile
Common in animals.
Humans infected by
spores on animal
products (skins/hides)
Transmission through
skin, GI tract, respiratory
tract
Antiphagocytic capsule
made of d-glutamate
[only one w/ Amino
acids!] (not a
polysaccharide)
Tripartite anthrax
toxin: protective
antigen, lethal factor,
edema factor. Protective
factor inhibits
phagocytosis.
Morphology and
blood agar growth.
Penicillin Sterilization of
animal
products, and
vaccination of
animals.
Vaccine
(protective
antigen) for
humans at risk
B. cereus
Vomiting with 4 hr incubation
period (like S.aureus)- heat
stable toxin--
Distinguished
from B. anthracis
by motility and
lack of capsule.
Spores on grains survive
cooking and germinate
when food is warmed.
Preformed heat-labile
enterotoxin (like E.coli,
Cholera tox) - diarrhea
Treat symptoms Avoid
reheated rice
Corynebacterium diptheriae (nonmotile, nonsporeforming, Chinese) Gm+ Rods
Diseases Characteristics Habitat/Transmission Pathogenesis Diagnosis Treatment Prevention
Diptheria “ throat
inflammation, gray
fibrinous exudate
(pseudomembrane), airway
obstruction, myocarditis,
recurrent laryngeal nerve
palsy
Club shaped, in
palisades, Chinese
characters
Polyphosphate
granules stain
metachromatically
Airborne droplets,
colonization of throat and
production of Diptheria
tox.
Diptheria tox: inhibits
protein syn by ADP
ribosylation of
eukaryotic ef-2. Toxin
produced by lysogenized
bacteria (like erythrogenic
toxin of GABHS)
Tellurite plate,
Loefller™s
Toxin assessed by
animal inoculation or
gel diffusion precipitin
test.
Antitoxin,
Penicillin to
reduce
transmission
Diptheria toxoid
vaccine. (disease in
US is iatrogenic
due to innoculation
by inadequately
killed toxin.
Bacillus (Aerobic, spore-forming, with Exotoxin) Gm+ Rods
B. anthracis
Diseases Characteristics Habitat/Transmission Pathogenesis Diagnosis Treatment Prevention
Woolsorter™s diseasepulmonary
anthrax, pneumonia
Large w/ square
ends, nonmotile
Common in animals.
Humans infected by
spores on animal
products (skins/hides)
Transmission through
skin, GI tract, respiratory
tract
Antiphagocytic capsule
made of d-glutamate
[only one w/ Amino
acids!] (not a
polysaccharide)
Tripartite anthrax
toxin: protective
antigen, lethal factor,
edema factor. Protective
factor inhibits
phagocytosis.
Morphology and
blood agar growth.
Penicillin Sterilization of
animal
products, and
vaccination of
animals.
Vaccine
(protective
antigen) for
humans at risk
B. cereus
Vomiting with 4 hr incubation
period (like S.aureus)- heat
stable toxin--
Distinguished
from B. anthracis
by motility and
lack of capsule.
Spores on grains survive
cooking and germinate
when food is warmed.
Preformed heat-labile
enterotoxin (like E.coli,
Cholera tox) - diarrhea
Treat symptoms Avoid
reheated rice
Corynebacterium diptheriae (nonmotile, nonsporeforming, Chinese) Gm+ Rods
Diseases Characteristics Habitat/Transmission Pathogenesis Diagnosis Treatment Prevention
Diptheria “ throat
inflammation, gray
fibrinous exudate
(pseudomembrane), airway
obstruction, myocarditis,
recurrent laryngeal nerve
palsy
Club shaped, in
palisades, Chinese
characters
Polyphosphate
granules stain
metachromatically
Airborne droplets,
colonization of throat and
production of Diptheria
tox.
Diptheria tox: inhibits
protein syn by ADP
ribosylation of
eukaryotic ef-2. Toxin
produced by lysogenized
bacteria (like erythrogenic
toxin of GABHS)
Tellurite plate,
Loefller™s
Toxin assessed by
animal inoculation or
gel diffusion precipitin
test.
Antitoxin,
Penicillin to
reduce
transmission
Diptheria toxoid
vaccine. (disease in
US is iatrogenic
due to innoculation
by inadequately
killed toxin.