explain please---------- - hyatt

[ArchivalUser]

what is the russel viper venom test and LAP test--------

[ArchivalUser]

Dilute Russell Viper Venom Time
This test system is designed for the qualitative detection of lupus anticoagulants (LA) in plasma.

Patient Preparation
Avoid warfarin (Coumadin®) therapy for 2 weeks and heparin therapy for 2 days prior to the test. Do not draw from an arm with a heparin lock or heparinized catheter.
Causes for Rejection
Gross hemolysis; clotted specimen; frozen specimen thawed in transit; tubes 1 IU/mL may interfere with this test.8 Platelets are a rich source of phospholipid that can neutralize LA. Improper preparation of the platelet-poor plasma at collection reduces the sensitivity of this assay for LA. Due to the heterogeneity of LA antibodies, no single assay will identify all cases.6
Methodology
Low phospholipid reagent consisting of Russell viper venom with excess calcium is mixed with patient plasma. The time to clot formation is measured photo-optically.
Additional Information
Russell viper venom directly activates factor X in the patient's plasma. Relatively common deficiencies or inhibitors of factors VII, VIII, IX, XI, and XII do not affect the dRVVT assay. Activated factor X (Xa) forms a complex with activated factor V (Va) in the presence of phospholipid. This prothrombinase complex converts factor II (prothrombin) to IIa (thrombin). Thrombin, in turn, cleaves fibrinogen to fibrin leading to detectable clot formation. The dRVVT reagent contains a heparin inhibitor, which makes the test system insensitive to heparin levels up to 1 IU/mL.8 Lupus anticoagulants (LA) are nonspecific inhibitors of phospholipid-dependent, in vitro coagulation tests. The dRVVT reagent is diluted to ensure that it has a low phospholipid concentration, increasing the sensitivity for LA.6
The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) has established criteria for the diagnosis of lupus anticoagulants. The ISTH has defined the minimum diagnostic criteria for LA to include:9,10

A prolonged clot time in a screening assay such as aPTT-LA and/or dRVVT
Mixing studies indicating the presence of an inhibitor
Positive confirmatory studies defining phospholipid dependence of the inhibitor
No evidence of other coagulopathies through the use of specific factor assays if the confirmatory step is negative or there is evidence of a specific factor inhibitor.

[ArchivalUser]

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) test
A blood test that measures the level of enzyme activity in a type of white blood cell called neutrophils.

[ArchivalUser]

Very good aaloo.
I forget did you use bad words for me?

[ArchivalUser]

When we use LAP test?

[ArchivalUser]

LAP for CML vs leukemoid reaction

[ArchivalUser]

aalloo, did you fuc* faiz ? she is asking you.

[ArchivalUser]

Synonyms: DRVVT, DRVVC, Dilute Russell's Viper Venom Test, Lupus Panel

CPT Code(s): 85613

Test Order Mnemonic: DRVVT

Applies To: Component of the Lupus Panel. DRVVT Check screens for Lupus-like anticoagulants (anti-phospholipid antibodies). DRVVT Check/Sure ratio confirms presence of Lupus Anticoagulants in plasma.

Request Form: Hematology A

Collection: Routine venipuncture; discard 1st mL of blood or collect other tubes (EDTA, red-topped) prior to collecting sample in blue-topped (citrate) tube.

Storage Instructions: Viable for 4 hours at room temperature. If time from draw to receipt in the laboratory is to be greater than 4 hours, double centrifuge the specimen; remove the plasma from red cells and snap freeze (-70°C) plasma. Snap frozen plasma is viable for up to six months.

Causes for Rejection: QNS, clotted, severely hemolyzed, specimen greater than 4 hours old, wrong tube (3.8% sodium citrate), identification error, sample processed/transported and/or stored improperly.

Availability: Samples are accepted 24 hours per day at Sample Management, 5.136 McCullough Bldg.

Turnaround Time: 7 days (call lab for schedule)

Special Instructions: Deliver sample to lab within ½ hour for best results. Accepted up to 4 hours from draw.

Specimen: Blood

Volume: 4.5 mL blood

Container: 3.2% Sodium citrate tube (light blue top tube)

Reference Range: DRVVT Check: £ 44.1 seconds = No significant evidence of Lupus Anticoagulant

DRVVT Check/Sure Ratio: £ 1.2 = Negative (No significant evidence of Lupus Anticoagulant)

Test Methodology: Screening test (DRVVT Check) is performed using the Electromechanical viscosity detection system. If result is >44.1 seconds, a second test is performed, this time with an excess of phospholipids to neutralize any remaining Lupus Anticoagulant (DRVVT Sure). The ratio Check /Sure is then calculated.

In accordance with the SSC Subcommittee for the Standardization of LA guidelines, results should be compared to other established LA tests performed on the same sample, as no single assay can guarantee with certainty that LA is present or absent in test samples.

Interfering Substances: Anticoagulant therapy (Heparin >1 IU/ml, Coumadin); extremely high levels of hemoglobin, bilirubin or lipids; gross hemolysis. Patients with deficiencies of Factors II, V, or X, or patients on oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) may exhibit prolonged results. However, the final ratio (DRVVT/DRVVC) should be normal unless LA is present. False positive results have been known to infrequently occur with patient on OAT. It is recommended that testing not be done on patients receiving OAT until having been off coumadin for 2 weeks. Plasma containing heparin levels greater than 1.0 U/ml may give false positive results, and should not be tested with these reagents.




Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP)

The leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) stain will stain cells in the myeloid series. The LAP stain may be performed on liquid or tissue specimens, but is most commonly performed on peripheral blood specimens. One hundred neutrophils are counted and a score between 0 and 4 is assigned to each cell based on the amount of staining present, with "0" representing no staining and "4" heavy staining. The scores are then totaled. Normal peripheral blood scores are 60-140. Scores are elevated in leukemoid reactions, normal to elevated in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis, normal in polycythemia vera, and decreased in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, acute myelogenous leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Specimen requirements: Unstained peripheral blood smears, heparin anticoagulated peripheral blood (EDTA is inhibitory for the LAP reaction)

[ArchivalUser]

again this VULGARITY on this forum

Please Guys be professional

[ArchivalUser]

myd88.......it is not your fault rather it is your mama fault.......ek kunjeri ki aulaad tu aisi hee ho gi.