06-21-2009, 12:23 PM
46. A 57-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after he was found on the floor of his house; he has left hip pain and shortness of breath. He has renal failure but has missed his last two dialysis treatments. His renal failure was caused by inadvertent ingestion of ethylene glycol. His renal function did not improve, and he is currently on the transplantation list. Medications include amlodipine and doxazosin. On arrival, his temperature is 37.5 C (99.5 F), blood pressure is 150/100 mm Hg, pulse is 95/min and regular, and respirations are 24/min. His breathing is rapid and deep. Crackles are heard in the lung bases. Examination shows a soft abdomen. Bowel sounds are normal. The left lower extremity is externally rotated. Laboratory studies show:
Serum
Na+ 135 mEq/L
Cl“ 102 mEq/L
K+ 7.1 mEq/L
HCO3“ 12 mEq/L
Arterial blood gas analysis on 4 L/min of oxygen by nasal cannula:
pH 7.22
PCO2 31 mm Hg
PO2 61 mm Hg
An ECG shows peaked T-waves. It will be at least 45 minutes before dialysis can be started. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
A
) Observation until dialysis is initiated
B
) Intravenous calcium gluconate
C
) Intravenous glucose and insulin
D
) Intravenous 0.9% saline
E
) Intravenous sodium bicarbonate
F
) Rectal sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate
Serum
Na+ 135 mEq/L
Cl“ 102 mEq/L
K+ 7.1 mEq/L
HCO3“ 12 mEq/L
Arterial blood gas analysis on 4 L/min of oxygen by nasal cannula:
pH 7.22
PCO2 31 mm Hg
PO2 61 mm Hg
An ECG shows peaked T-waves. It will be at least 45 minutes before dialysis can be started. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
A
) Observation until dialysis is initiated
B
) Intravenous calcium gluconate
C
) Intravenous glucose and insulin
D
) Intravenous 0.9% saline
E
) Intravenous sodium bicarbonate
F
) Rectal sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate