not a nbme question 2:) - luckyluke

[ArchivalUser]

A 62-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with severe retrosternal chest pain that radiated down the left arm. Three days later, he developed a ventricular arrhythmia and died. In the hours shortly after the patient first experienced chest pain, which of the following biochemical changes would have marked the beginning of irreversible damage to the cardiac muscle?

Answer Choices
A. Decreased intracellular pH
B. Decreased Na+, K+-ATPase activity
C. Increased activity of phosphofructokinase
D. Increased concentration of cytosolic Ca2+
E. Increased conversion of pyruvate to lactate

[ArchivalUser]

DD

Increased Ca 2+------> cytochrome C release from the mitochondria -----> APOPTOSIS "point of no return"

Membrane Ca-ATPase pump is impaired, due to lack of ATP which normally keeps Ca out of the cell.

Thanks

[ArchivalUser]

D..

[ArchivalUser]

D is correct Increased concentration of cytosolic Ca++, as well as pyknosis, karyorrhexis, mitochondrial vacuolization are signs of irreversible cell injury.
Thanks guys.