06-29-2007, 03:35 PM
Immunology High Yield
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IMMUNOLOGY HIGH YIELD
Chapter 2: Elements of Innate and Acquired Immunity
Review Questions
For each question, choose the ONE BEST answer or completion.
1. Which of the following generally does not apply to bone marrow (a primary lymphoid organ)
and secondary lymphoid organs?
A. cellular proliferation
B. differentiation of lymphocytes
C. cellular interaction
D. antigen-dependent response
E. none of the above
2. Which of the following apply uniquely to secondary lymphoid organs?
A. presence of precursor B and T cells
B. circulation of lymphocytes
C. terminal differentiation
D. cellular proliferation
E. All of the above.
3. Which of the following does not apply to "innate" immune mechanisms?
A. absence of specificity
B. activation by a stimulus
C. involvement of multiple cell types
D. a memory component
4. Which of the following is the major function of the lymphoid system?
A. innate immunity
B. inflammation
C. phagocytosis
D. acquired immunity
E. None of the above.
5. Removal of the bursa of Fabricius from a chicken results in
A. a markedly decreased number of circulating T lymphocytes.
B. anemia.
C. delayed rejection of skin graft.
D. low serum levels of antibodies in serum.
E. All of the above.
F. None of the above.
2
6. The germinal centers found in the cortical region of lymph nodes and the peripheral region of
splenic periarteriolar lymphatic tissue
A. support the development of immature B and T cells.
B. function in the removal of damaged erythrocytes from the circulation.
C. act as the major source of stem cells and thus help to maintain hematopoiesis.
D. provide an infrastructure that on antigenic stimulation contains large populations of B
lymphocytes and plasma cells.
E. are the sites of NK-cell differentiation.
7. Which of the following is correct?
A. NK cells proliferate in response to antigen.
B. NK cells kill their target cells by phagocytosis and intracellular digestion.
C. NK cells are a subset of polymorphonuclear cells.
D. NK-cell killing is extracellular.
E. NK cells are particularly effective against certain bacteria.
Chapter 2: Elements of Innate and Acquired Immunity
Answers to Review Questions
1. D Cellular proliferation, differentiation of lymphocyte, and cellular interactions can take
place in bone marrow (or bursa of Fabricius). However, antigen-dependent responses occur in
the secondary lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes.
2. C Terminal differentiation of B cells into plasma cells occurs only in secondary lymphoid
organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes. Circulation of lymphocytes and cellular
proliferation (but not antigen-dependent responses of terminal differentiation) also take place in
the primary lymphoid organs, such as the bursa of Fabricius, or its equivalent, and the thymus.
The bone marrow is the site where pluripotential stem cells differentiate into precursor B and T
cells.
3. D Innate immunity has none of the antigenic specificity exhibited by acquired immunity. It
is activated by such stimuli as the invasion of the foreign particles into the body. Innate
immunity involves multiple cell types, such as those of the monocytic series (macrophages) and
those of the granulocytic series (neutrophils, eosinophils, etc.).
4. D The major function of the lymphoid system is the recognition of foreign antigen by
lymphocytes, which leads to the acquired immune response. Functions such as phagocytosis and
inflammation do not necessarily require the lymphoid system, and they constitute part of innate
immunity.
5. D Removal of the bursa of Fabricius from a chicken results in low levels of antibodies in
serum, since this organ serves as a primary lymphoid organ in which B lymphocytes (which
eventually synthesize and secrete antibodies) undergo maturation. The removal of the organ will
not result in a marked decrease in the number of circulating T lymphocytes, nor will it result in
anemia, characterized by a marked decrease in erythrocyte count, since erythrocytes undergo
maturation outside the bursa. Bursectomy has no effect on rejection of skin grafts.
6. D On antigenic stimulation, the germinal centers contain large populations of B
lymphocytes undergoing mitosis and plasma cells secreting antibodies. Virgin
immunocompetent lymphocytes are developed in the primary lymphoid organs, not in the
secondary lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes. Germinal centers do not
participate in the removal of damaged erythrocytes, nor are they a source of stem cells; the latter
are found in the bone marrow.
7. D NK cells are large granular lymphocytes. Their number does not increase in response to
antigen. Their killing is extracellular, and their target cells are virus-infected cells or tumor cells.
They are not particularly effective against bacterial cells.
4
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IMMUNOLOGY HIGH YIELD
Chapter 2: Elements of Innate and Acquired Immunity
Review Questions
For each question, choose the ONE BEST answer or completion.
1. Which of the following generally does not apply to bone marrow (a primary lymphoid organ)
and secondary lymphoid organs?
A. cellular proliferation
B. differentiation of lymphocytes
C. cellular interaction
D. antigen-dependent response
E. none of the above
2. Which of the following apply uniquely to secondary lymphoid organs?
A. presence of precursor B and T cells
B. circulation of lymphocytes
C. terminal differentiation
D. cellular proliferation
E. All of the above.
3. Which of the following does not apply to "innate" immune mechanisms?
A. absence of specificity
B. activation by a stimulus
C. involvement of multiple cell types
D. a memory component
4. Which of the following is the major function of the lymphoid system?
A. innate immunity
B. inflammation
C. phagocytosis
D. acquired immunity
E. None of the above.
5. Removal of the bursa of Fabricius from a chicken results in
A. a markedly decreased number of circulating T lymphocytes.
B. anemia.
C. delayed rejection of skin graft.
D. low serum levels of antibodies in serum.
E. All of the above.
F. None of the above.
2
6. The germinal centers found in the cortical region of lymph nodes and the peripheral region of
splenic periarteriolar lymphatic tissue
A. support the development of immature B and T cells.
B. function in the removal of damaged erythrocytes from the circulation.
C. act as the major source of stem cells and thus help to maintain hematopoiesis.
D. provide an infrastructure that on antigenic stimulation contains large populations of B
lymphocytes and plasma cells.
E. are the sites of NK-cell differentiation.
7. Which of the following is correct?
A. NK cells proliferate in response to antigen.
B. NK cells kill their target cells by phagocytosis and intracellular digestion.
C. NK cells are a subset of polymorphonuclear cells.
D. NK-cell killing is extracellular.
E. NK cells are particularly effective against certain bacteria.
Chapter 2: Elements of Innate and Acquired Immunity
Answers to Review Questions
1. D Cellular proliferation, differentiation of lymphocyte, and cellular interactions can take
place in bone marrow (or bursa of Fabricius). However, antigen-dependent responses occur in
the secondary lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes.
2. C Terminal differentiation of B cells into plasma cells occurs only in secondary lymphoid
organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes. Circulation of lymphocytes and cellular
proliferation (but not antigen-dependent responses of terminal differentiation) also take place in
the primary lymphoid organs, such as the bursa of Fabricius, or its equivalent, and the thymus.
The bone marrow is the site where pluripotential stem cells differentiate into precursor B and T
cells.
3. D Innate immunity has none of the antigenic specificity exhibited by acquired immunity. It
is activated by such stimuli as the invasion of the foreign particles into the body. Innate
immunity involves multiple cell types, such as those of the monocytic series (macrophages) and
those of the granulocytic series (neutrophils, eosinophils, etc.).
4. D The major function of the lymphoid system is the recognition of foreign antigen by
lymphocytes, which leads to the acquired immune response. Functions such as phagocytosis and
inflammation do not necessarily require the lymphoid system, and they constitute part of innate
immunity.
5. D Removal of the bursa of Fabricius from a chicken results in low levels of antibodies in
serum, since this organ serves as a primary lymphoid organ in which B lymphocytes (which
eventually synthesize and secrete antibodies) undergo maturation. The removal of the organ will
not result in a marked decrease in the number of circulating T lymphocytes, nor will it result in
anemia, characterized by a marked decrease in erythrocyte count, since erythrocytes undergo
maturation outside the bursa. Bursectomy has no effect on rejection of skin grafts.
6. D On antigenic stimulation, the germinal centers contain large populations of B
lymphocytes undergoing mitosis and plasma cells secreting antibodies. Virgin
immunocompetent lymphocytes are developed in the primary lymphoid organs, not in the
secondary lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes. Germinal centers do not
participate in the removal of damaged erythrocytes, nor are they a source of stem cells; the latter
are found in the bone marrow.
7. D NK cells are large granular lymphocytes. Their number does not increase in response to
antigen. Their killing is extracellular, and their target cells are virus-infected cells or tumor cells.
They are not particularly effective against bacterial cells.
4