09-11-2007, 03:09 PM
A 60-year-old man, recently emigrated from Southeast Asia, presents with nodular skin lesions on his face, buttocks, and the upper and lower limbs. He also has characteristic thinning of the eyebrows. Lepromin test is negative and skin biopsy obtained from one of the lesions reveals globi of acid-fast bacilli extracellularly as well as inside the macrophages. The patient is diagnosed with lepromatous leprosy. Which cytokines are most likely to be elevated in a TH2-mediated disease like lepromatous leprosy?
A. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)
B. Interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-β)
C. Interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-13 (IL-13)
D. Interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), and interleukin-10 (IL-10)
E. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)
A. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)
B. Interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-β)
C. Interleukin-3 (IL-3), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and interleukin-13 (IL-13)
D. Interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), and interleukin-10 (IL-10)
E. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)