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NBME block 1 - philipovskiy
#1
1. A 76-year-old retired pharmacist is brought to the health center by his wife, who says, "He's afraid to go to sleep, Doctor. Tell him, Henry." He tells you that he was mugged and assaulted 1 week ago while he was out for a walk early in the morning. The patient proceeds to tell you that he has been having nightmares, not about the assault, but of being in vulnerable situations. He also feels anxious during the day but he is able to leave the house without difficulty. In addition to supportive therapy, which of the following pharmacotherapies is most appropriate to prescribe?
A) Amitriptyline
B) Clonazepam
C) Diphenhydramine
D) Gabapentin
E) Risperidone

2. A 56-year-old Native American man returns to the office to discuss results of studies obtained during a previous visit 8 weeks ago. The patient has a 19-year history of diabetes mellitus treated with sulfonylurea. He checks his serum glucose concentration approximately once daily. He does not smoke cigarettes and rarely drinks alcoholic beverages. He is 183 cm (6 ft) tall and weighs 76 kg (168 lb); BMI is 23 kg/m2. Vital signs during the previous visit were temperature 36.9°C (98.4°F), pulse 82/min, and blood pressure 130/85 mm Hg. Physical examination of the neck disclosed a right-sided carotid bruit. Examination of the extremities disclosed diminished pulses with associated hair loss over both legs. Hemoglobin A1c was 7.2%. Urine albumin-creatine ratio was 62 mg/g/24 h. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) was 0.89 on the left and 0.98 on the right; duplex carotid ultrasonography showed nonulcerated plaque with 70% stenosis in the right internal carotid artery. The patient was referred to an ophthalmologist, who diagnosed him with nonproliferative background diabetic retinopathy. Which of the following findings in this patient is of most concern?
A) 70% stenosis of the right carotid artery
B) Hemoglobin A1c of 7.2%
C) Left ABI of 0.89
D) Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy
E) Urine albumin-creatine ratio of 62 mg/g/24 h

3. A 34-year-old man comes to the office with his wife and daughter because he has had some dusky lesions on his shoulder for the past 2 months. He says that two have become larger during the past week. He and his wife have recently adopted an 18-month-old girl from the Ukraine who has a similar rash. He is an environmental scientist and his work requires him to travel overseas and work outdoors. He is concerned about the possibility of skin cancer. Vital signs are normal. Physical examination shows a cluster of six discrete papular lesions on his left shoulder that are slightly tender. These lesions have a central depression containing some pus-like material. There is no axillary or cervical adenopathy. His rash is shown. Which of the following is the most appropriate management for the patient?
A) Acyclovir
B) Scabicidal cream
C) Topical corticosteroid cream
D) Topical fluconazole
E) Topical liquid nitrogen

4. A 25-year-old Latino man comes to the health center for a periodic health evaluation. He tells you that he has attended a day-treatment program for his schizophrenia, paranoid type, since his discharge from the hospital 1 year ago. The patient's most recent psychiatrist is moving away and he now wants you to refill his medications. He takes haloperidol, benztropine and valproic acid. He says, "The voices aren't telling me to harm myself anymore. And I know now that my food is not poisoned." The patient is 183 cm (6 ft) tall and weighs 86 kg (190 lb). Vital signs are: temperature 37.0°C (98.6°F), pulse 72/min, respirations 14/min and blood pressure 130/86 mm Hg. Physical examination is significant for darting and protruding movements of the tongue and some facial grimacing. Which of the following is the most appropriate change in pharmacotherapy?
A) Prescribe vitamin A
B) Increase the dose of benztropine
C) Increase the dose of haloperidol
D) Replace haloperidol with risperidone
E) Replace valproic acid with lithium


1. "A" bacause of his nightmares which is in RAM sleep.
2. "B" not sure - just gessing.
3. "E" Molluscum contagiosum
4. "D" Tardive dyskinesia
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#2
2. E His renal function is of most concern at this point.
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#3
1- clonazepam
2-E
3-D
4-D
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#4
B
A/E
E
D
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#5
1. A 54-year-old African American woman has been in the intensive care unit (ICU) for the past 10 hours because she has failed to regain consciousness after passing out at a restaurant 11 hours ago. Upon initial arrival at the emergency department the patient's friend stated that the patient had remarked about the sudden onset of a terrible headache and neck stiffness while they were having lunch. A few minutes after the onset of the headache, she became confused, vomited, and lost consciousness. She regained consciousness briefly en route to the hospital, but she has been unconscious since admission. On arrival she was intubated and mechanically ventilated and transferred to the ICU, where intravenous fluids were started. Vital signs are: pulse 110/min and blood pressure 174/96 mm Hg. She exhibits no spontaneous movement and is unresponsive to verbal or painful stimuli. Lung fields are clear to auscultation. CT angiogram confirms subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured cerebral aneurysm and impaired intracranial circulation. The family should be counseled regarding which of the following?
A) The futility of continued life support
B) The need for screening of first-degree relatives for aneurysms
C) The need for them to sustain hope
D) The need to have a guardian ad litem appointed to make informed decisions about the patient's care
E) The probability that the patient will not regain consciousness

2. You have been treating a 5-month-old child in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). He was delivered at 26 weeks' gestation by cesarean delivery because of premature rupture of membranes. The mother is 18 years old and is unemployed. There are two other children in the home. The father is not living with them, and he has not been in contact with the mother. The mother rarely visits the NICU. The infant had severe respiratory distress syndrome at birth and required dopamine for blood pressure support. His condition progressed to pulmonary interstitial emphysema and bronchopulmonary dysplasia by 4 weeks of age. At 4 months of age he required a tracheostomy and medication for control of his blood pressure. Now, at 5 months of age, the boy has a cardiac arrest requiring resuscitation and placement of chest tubes. He then develops seizures that are eventually controlled with medication. The neonatologist feels that the child will always require life support. The mother refuses to discuss the possibility of withdrawing life support. Her insurance is Medicaid. The hospital bill for this child is now $350,000.

Item 1 To guide further treatment at this time, it is most important to assess which of the following?
A) The extent of neurologic injury
B) The financial impact on the family
C) The mother's level of understanding of the child's prognosis
D) Whether another family member is better suited to make decisions about the patient's care
E) Your state's law regarding futile care

Item 2 One week later the mother and the attending physician are unable to reach an agreement on the management plan. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
A) Ask the court to appoint a guardian
B) Defer major decisions until the father can be located
C) Have the social worker contact Medicaid regarding further coverage
D) Involve the hospital bioethics committee
E) Maintain the patient on a respirator but transfer him out of the NICU

3. A 28-year-old man who lives in a small rural township is admitted to the hospital because of gastrointestinal bleeding. On admission the patient is pale and has orthostatic hypotension. Hemoglobin concentration is 8 g/dL. His condition is stabilized. Emergent upper endoscopy shows a visible gastric vessel, which is treated appropriately.
Specific additional history should be obtained regarding which of the following?
A) Consumption of alcoholic beverages
B) Family history of cancer
C) Source of drinking water
D) Travel history
E) Use of tobacco products

4. A 26-year-old primigravid woman at 38 weeks' gestation is admitted to the hospital because she is in labor; contractions occur every 3 minutes and last 60 seconds. The patient's prenatal course has been uncomplicated. Labor curve is now normal and fetal heart rate tracing shows good variability with an occasional mild deceleration. Her patient chart indicates that a previous physician thought she might have a platypellic pelvis. She is now 10-cm dilated. The fetus is at +1 station with a mentum-anterior face presentation. Which of the following is the most appropriate management at this time?
A) Deliver the child vaginally after manually rotating the fetus to a mentum-posterior presentation
B) Deliver the child vaginally with the aid of forceps
C) Deliver the child vaginally with the aid of vacuum extraction
D) Deliver the child vaginally without intervention
E) Deliver the child via emergency cesarean delivery

5. A full-term, 3402-g (7-lb 8-oz) neonate aspirated meconium at delivery. Apgar score is 3 at 1 minute and 3 at 5 minutes. He is intubated and assisted ventilation is established using a respirator. His condition stabilizes for 30 minutes but the arterial blood gas values suddenly deteriorate. Which of the following is the most appropriate first step?
A) Auscultation the chest
B) Check the respirator settings
C) Increase the oxygen flow
D) Recheck the arterial blood gas values
E) Reposition the endotracheal tube

1 E
2 item1 C item2 E
3 C / A ?
4 E
5 E
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