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A 75-year-old male is brought to your office by hi - elbamaritza
#1
A 75-year-old male is brought to your office by his wife, who states that he has had mental
difficulties in recent months, such as not being able to balance their checkbook or plan for his
annual visit with the accountant. He was able to capably perform these activities in the past.
She also tells you that he has reported seeing animals in the room with him that he can describe
vividly. He naps for 3 or more hours each day, and stares blankly for long periods of time. He
seems almost normal at times, but appears very confused at other times. This confusion seems
to come and go randomly. He also has been dreaming a lot, and has fallen more than once
recently. His only medication is aspirin, 81 mg/day.
On examination the patient walks slowly with a somewhat stooped posture and almost falls when
turning around. He has only minimal facial expressiveness. No tremor is noted, and the
remainder of the examination is normal. He is able to recall three words out of three, but clock
drawing is abnormal. Laboratory studies are normal, and a CT of the brain shows changes of
aging.
What type of dementia does this patient most likely have?
A) Dementia with Lewy bodies
B) Dementia of Parkinson™s disease
C) Alzheimer™s disease
D) Frontotemporal dementia
E) Vascular dementia
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#2
AA...
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#3
fronto temporal dementia
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#4
ANSWER: A
This patient has dementia with Lewy bodies, which is the second most common histopathologic type of
dementia after Alzheimer™s disease. He demonstrates typical symptoms and signs of dementia with Lewy
bodies, including well-formed hallucinations, vivid dreams, fluctuating cognition, sleep disorder with periods
of daytime sleeping, frequent falls, deficits in visuospatial ability (abnormal clock drawing), and REM sleep
disorder (vivid dreams). In Alzheimer™s disease the predominant early symptom is memory impairment,
without the other symptoms found in this patient. In dementia of Parkinson™s disease, extrapyramidal
symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia, and rigidity precede the onset of memory impairment by more than
a year. Patients with vascular dementia have risk factors and symptoms of stroke. Frontotemporal dementia
presents with behavioral changes, including disinhibition, or language problems such as various types of
aphasia.
Ref: Neef D, Walling AD: Dementia with Lewy bodies: An emerging disease. Am Fam Physician 2006;73(7):1223-1229, 1230.
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#5
thanks Elba...
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#6
thanks alot for the question
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#7
Tnx for the case.

It's typical for Dementia of Lewy bodies.

Recap; Dementia of Lewy bodies = Dementia + two of the following:
1st Fluctuation of cognition; daytime drowsiness, naps >2 hours, prolonged starring spells, episodes of disorganized speech,
2nd visual hallucinations,
3rd parkinsonism

Thanks again.
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