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2. An 18-year-old man presents complaining of an inability to keep his balance. A complete neurologic examination is conducted, and funduscopy reveals retinal hemangioblastomas. He reports that his mother has a history of a “brain tumor,” the specifics of which he is unaware.
Given the classic evolution of this patient’s disease, for which of the following does this patient require close monitoring?
A.depression
B.astrocytoma
C.pheochromocytoma
D.colon cancer
E.renal mass
EXPLANATION:answer is E.
partients with von Hippel-Lindau(VHL)dz,an autosomal dominant,have hemangioblastomas,or cavernous hemangiomas of the retina,cerebellum,and medulla.The cerebellar manifestations are suggested by the difficulty keeping his balance,and the retinal hemangioblastoma.Patients with VHL dz are at increased risk of developing renal cell carcinoma.PAGE 86 FA 2011.
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3. A biotechnology company is developing a small protein to block the cascade by which allergens can cause shock. Patients often die from vasodilation and massive edema; therefore, the new protein could lead to a life-saving drug.
Which of the following molecules is the most promising target to block the anaphylactic pathway?
A.IFN-gamma
B.IgE
C.C5a
D.Hageman factor
E.IL-1
F.NO
EXPLANATION:answer is B
Anaphylactic shock is a life threatening disorder that occurs when an allergen overactivates mast cells and basophils,lead to widespread release of histamines,serotonings and other compounds stored in the granules of these immune cells.The crosslinking of IgE receptors present on these cells causes the activation ot these cell types.By blocking this cross reaction,the anaphylactic pathway can be stymied.
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4.A 25-year-old woman is brought to the hospital by her parents because she told them she constantly hears voices that insult her and tell her to perform various actions. After a brief stay on the psychiatric floor she was discharged with a prescription for haloperidol.
Which of the following is an adverse effect of this medication?
A.ataxia
B.diarrhea
C.galactorrhea
D.hypertension
E.depression
most people got this correct.haloperidol blocks dopamine receptors.
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5.A 25-year-old man underwent arthroscopic knee surgery to repair a torn lateral meniscus in his right knee. The patient consented to general anesthesia for the operation. During the surgery the patient suddenly develops sporadic repetitive muscle jerking in the neck and extremities. There is no associated rigidity or fever.
Which of the following inhaled anesthetics was most likely used?
A.enflurane
B.isoflurane
C.halothane
D.nitric oxide
E.thiopental
the answer is A-enflurane.i wont give any explanation.check PAGE 433,FA 2011 under the inhaled anesthetics,from their toxicity,ENFLURANE(PROCONVULSANT)
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all the best guys,i'll post some later.
