DAY 2: Embryology + Biochemistry/ DAY 10 - zen786

[ArchivalUser]

For Understanding Gluconeogenesis part.... we need to know one more enzyme... Fructose 1-6 Bisphosphatase..

Say after 3 hours of starving, you go to ur refrigerator and eat an icecream... again the sugar levels go up.

Now Glucose is high in blood.. so YOU DO NOT NEED gluconeogenesis to raise Glucose levels.

So u will inhibit this enzyme... rite?

The beauty of the system is ... the Insulin which was secreted when u ate the cake... will be released again ... dephosphorylate PFK-2... make fructose 2-6 Bisphosphate and it will do its job of stimulating Glycolysis by stimulating PFK-1.... as said earlier....

But The same Fructore 2,6 bisphosphate... will go and inhibit this FRUCTOSE 16 BISPHOSPHATE... so now Gluconeogenesis is shut down....

THUS INSULIN SHUTS DOWN GLUCONEOGENESIS AND KICK STARTS GLYCOLYSIS TO UTILISE THE ICECREAM SUGAR U ATE...



Now u starve again for 3 hours...

Glucagon comes in Phosphorylates PFK-2... redces its activity and Fructore 26 bisphosphate is less now..

slowly Fructose 16 Bisphospahtase .. our Gluconeo enzyme is Released... from the clutches of this Fructose 2 6 bisphosphate.... SO GLUCONEOGENESIS IS KICK STARTED

GLUCAGON KICK STARTS GLUCONEOEGENEISIS AND SLOWS GLYCOLYSIS BY PHOSPHORYLATING PFK-2

importantly : This Fruc 16 bisphosphatase is a hepatic Enzyme... so all the gluconeogenic precursors have to reach liver and then be mae in to Glucose thanks to Glucagon.

[ArchivalUser]

Now there is an important addition .. why because this another part this pathyway is regulatted... That is at Pyruvate Kinase level...

U ate the icecream... the insulin releases.... and dephopshprylated PFK-2 and makes Fructose 26 Bisphosphate.. which activated PFK-1

This PFK-1 will make Fructose 1,6 BISPHOSPHATE.... and as the glycolysis runs ahaead .... It will also make PHOSPHOENOL PYRUVATE.. PEP..

PEP is substrate for Pyruvate Kinase.... WHICH IS ACTIVE WHEN DEPHOSPHORYLATED... so Insulin indirectly by activating PFK-2... is also influencing Pyruvate Kinase here.. see!

SO PEP and Fruc 16 Bisphosphate.... both dephosphorylate and activate Pyruvate Kinase. So Glycolysis happens and Acetyl Coa is eventually made. OK?


so if alanine is around, or if Glucagon is there... this means u are starving again ... Alanine.. muscle breakdown amino acid and Glucagon our starvation hormone... So both these will wish to inhibit the Glycolysis... so What will They do ? ... They wil PHOSPHORYLATE Pyruvate kinase and inhibit it ... kind of double inhibition of Gkycolysis... One at level of PFK-2 second at Pyruvate Kinase... This completes the story...

[ArchivalUser]

im glad we got this extra day for day 2... i need it!! GL for today...

[ArchivalUser]

I-cell disease and Hurler's syndrome BOTH have:

1. both lysosomal storage diseases
2. coarse facial features (called "gargoylism" in hurler's syndrome)
3. corneal clouding
4. developmental delay

[ArchivalUser]

both EDS and Marfan's syndrome promote mitral valve prolapse d/t defect in its connective tissue protein --> "myxomatous degeneration"
[UW]

[ArchivalUser]

most abundant AA in collagen molecule is GLYCINE b/c it is the 3rd AA in each alpha chain. the AA formula of collagen: (Gly-X-Y)

[ArchivalUser]

hello everyone
goin to start embryo today
done with biochem..

[ArchivalUser]

Just started embryo

[ArchivalUser]

can somebody please explain the hardy weinberg equation please?...i have no freakin clue!!

[ArchivalUser]

If u cant remember these...

Fabry and Krabbe are babies, they dont have their milk..... so they are deficient in enzymes that start with "GALACTO"

Fabry's Disease: Deficient in GALACTOsidase A
Krabbe's Disease: Deficient in GALACTOcerebrosidase (Crabs have big head so add CEREBRO as well)

Hunter and Hurler are IDiots, they cant sit IDle, so they are deficient in enzymes that start with "ID"
HunTer's Syndrome: IDuronaTe Sulfatase (Both words have T in it)
Hurler's Syndrome: L-IDuronidase (Both words dont have T in it)