Posts: 3,675,934
Threads: 734,342
Joined: Sep 2021
Reputation:
5
33. B
Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium:
Carcinoma endometrial is the Most common gynecologic malignancy. peak occurrence at 55-65year of age. Clinically presents with vaginal bleeding. Typically preceded by endometrial hyperplasia. Risk factors include prolonged use of estrogen without progestins, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, nulliparity and late menopause. Increas myometrial invasion, decrease prognosis. (FA page 487)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometrial_cancer
Posts: 3,675,934
Threads: 734,342
Joined: Sep 2021
Reputation:
5
34. C
Parkinson disease
Surgery and deep brain stimulation
Placement of an electrode into the brain. The head is stabilised in a frame for stereotactic surgery.Treating motor symptoms with surgery was once a common practice, but since the discovery of levodopa, the number of operations declined.[35] Studies in the past few decades have led to great improvements in surgical techniques, so that surgery is again being used in people with advanced PD for whom drug therapy is no longer sufficient.[35] Surgery for PD can be divided in two main groups: lesional and deep brain stimulation (DBS). Target areas for DBS or lesions include the thalamus, the globus pallidus or the subthalamic nucleus.[35] Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the most commonly used surgical treatment. It involves the implantation of a medical device called a brain pacemaker, which sends electrical impulses to specific parts of the brain. DBS is recommended for people who have PD who suffer from motor fluctuations and tremor inadequately controlled by medication, or to those who are intolerant to medication, as long as they do not have severe neuropsychiatric problems.[29] Other, less common, surgical therapies involve the formation of lesions in specific subcortical areas (a technique known as pallidotomy in the case of the lesion being produced in the globus pallidus).[35]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinson's_disease
Posts: 3,675,934
Threads: 734,342
Joined: Sep 2021
Reputation:
5
35. A
Deep Fibular nerve: Weakness inversion, Loss extension of the digits, loss dorsiflexion ( foot drop), sensory loss on antero lateral leg and dorso of the foot, firts web space. (Kaplan anatomy page 295 and 295).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_fibular_nerve
Posts: 3,675,934
Threads: 734,342
Joined: Sep 2021
Reputation:
5
36. B
Placeta accreta: An invasion of the myometrium which does not penetrate the entire thickness of the muscle. This form of the condition accounts for around 75% of all cases.
Placenta perccreta: The worst form of the condition is when the placenta penetrates the entire myometrium to the uterine serosa (invades through entire uterine wall). This variant can lead to the placenta attaching to other organs such as the rectum or bladder[1].
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placenta_accreta
Posts: 3,675,934
Threads: 734,342
Joined: Sep 2021
Reputation:
5
37. C
Crohn Disease: Also known as regional enteritis, is an inflammatory disease of the intestines that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus, causing a wide variety of symptoms. It primarily causes abdominal pain, diarrhea (which may be bloody if inflammation is at its worst), vomiting, or weight loss,[1][2][3] but may also cause complications outside the gastrointestinal tract such as skin rashes, arthritis, inflammation of the eye, tiredness, and lack of concentration.[1]
Crohn's disease is thought to be an autoimmune disease, in which the body's immune system attacks the gastrointestinal tract, causing inflammation; it is classified as a type of inflammatory bowel disease. There is evidence of a genetic link to Crohn's disease, putting individuals with siblings afflicted with the disease at higher risk.[4] It is thought to have a large environmental component as evidenced by a higher incidence in western industrialized nations compared to other parts of the world. Males and females are equally affected. Smokers are two times more likely to develop Crohn's disease than.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crohn's_disease.
Gross morphology: transmural inflamation, Cobblestone mucosa, creeping fat, bowell wall thickning, (string sign on barium swallow x- ray) linear, ulcers, fissures, fistulas.
Microscopic morphology: Noncaseating granulomasand lymphoid agregates. (FA page 320)
Posts: 3,675,934
Threads: 734,342
Joined: Sep 2021
Reputation:
5
38. B
e predictive value Positive (PPV): TP/ (TP+FP)
PPV= 70/(70+300)= 0.18 in this case aprox. 0.19
Posts: 3,675,934
Threads: 734,342
Joined: Sep 2021
Reputation:
5
Please excuse my grammar my laptop and internet keep me crazy, i'm having problem
PPV : Positive Predictive Value
Posts: 3,675,934
Threads: 734,342
Joined: Sep 2021
Reputation:
5
39. C
Membranous Glomerulonephritis: LM -diffuse capillary and GBM thickening. EM " spike and dome" appearance with subepithelial deposits. IF - granular.
Caused by drugs ( penicillamine, Gold, NSAID). Most common cause of adult nephrotic syndrome.
The closely related terms membranous nephropathy[1] and membranous glomerulopathy[2] both refer to a similar constellation but without the assumption of inflammation.
Some patients may present as nephrotic syndrome with proteinuria, edema with or without renal failure. Others may be asymptomatic and may be picked up on screening or urinalysis as having proteinuria. A definitive diagnosis of membranous nephropathy requires a kidney biopsy.
Posts: 3,675,934
Threads: 734,342
Joined: Sep 2021
Reputation:
5
Posts: 3,675,934
Threads: 734,342
Joined: Sep 2021
Reputation:
5
40. A
Intoxication for Amphetamine: Psychomotor agitation , impaired judgment, pupillary dilation, hypertension, tachycardia, euphoria, prolonged weakfulness sand attention, cardiac arrythmia, delusions, hallucinations, fever. (FA 448)
Amphetamine: Blocks of neurotransmiter uptake at the presynaptic nerve terminal
|
