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bioch - saonew
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03-27-2007, 12:51 PM
Which of the following is appropriate for a patient with renal failure?
A. High-carbohydrate diet B. High-protein diet C. Low-fat diet D. High-fiber diet E. Free water of at least 3 L per day
03-27-2007, 02:25 PM
The answer is: A
A diet high in carbohydrate and fats spares glucose use and inhibits gluconeogenesis, thereby preventing protein catabolism and nitrogen production. A major function of the kidneys is to excrete nitrogen catabolized from proteins in the form of urea. Indeed, the major clinical measures of renal function are products of protein catabolism [blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and blood creatinine]. A diet for a patient with renal failure should therefore minimize protein and nitrogen load. Although 3 L/day of fluid is a normal intake for adults with healthy kidneys, glomerular filtration and water excretion are decreased in renal failure. Water and salt intake (particularly potassium) must therefore be limited in renal failure. Excess water or salt intake in patients with renal disease is manifest clinically by edema (swollen eyelids, swollen lower limbs). |
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