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In diabetic ketoacidosis
1 greater than normal amounts of Na and K are lost in urine
2 K+ entry into muscle and fat cells is increased
3 the minute volume of alveolar ventilation is below normal
4 the plasma concentration of HCO3- is above normal
5 the urine is alkaline
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the minute volume of alveolar ventilation is below normal?
kussmal breathing
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i was doubting about that one eagle1... but Kussmaul is a more depth inspiration... so alto the RR decreases de alveolar vent increases (because of the increase on tidal volume) ???? but I dont know... :S thats why i did not chose it.
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i'm still in doubt
the answer may be 1 or 3
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acidosis...increased resp to get rid of CO2 & thus H+,,,, 3 cant be answer
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111111111
in DKA : there is dehydration due to polyuria so the [Na] and [K] will be lost in urine.
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exces glucose in urine increase in osm... inc in electrolytes loss... in the periphery H ions enter the cells to be bufered and K leaves the cell to maintain the equilibrium... high k in blood is excreted by the kidney
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yes correct ans is 1.
In DKA,large amounts of ketoanions are filtered thru the glomerulus,kidney balances these anions with H+ to the extent that it can,but the kidneys max capacity to secrete H+ can only produce a urine with a H+ conc corresponding to pH of about 4.5.Since,the pK of keto anions is ,urine of max acidity still contains approximately 3 keto anions for each ketoacid.Because urine must remain electrically neutral,the keto anions that are not matched with ketoacid must be MATCHED WITH ANOTHER CATION.Na and K are the only ones available thus they are lost in the urine in DKA.
Regarding 3,increased H+ in DKA drives respiration and hyperventilation.
Kussmaul breathing((deep,rapid and laboured breathing) occurs only in advanced stages of acidosis, and is fairly rarely reached. In less severe cases of acidosis, rapid, shallow breathing is seen.
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thank u dr2k2
good question
