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NBME#3 block 1 Q1----------------------Q50 - maryam2009
#51
43--J
vesicoureteral reflux leading to hydronephrosis
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#52
44 DD

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schistosoma_haematobium


http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/230112-overview
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#53
45--DD
Trichomonas vaginalis
STD; flagellated protozoan with tumbling motility
Produces vaginitis, cervicitis, and urethritis; strawberry-colored cervix and fiery red vaginal mucosa; greenish, frothy discharge
Rx: metronidazole (both partners )

A--
Gardnerella vaginalis -- Gram-negative rod that causes bacterial vaginosis
Malodorous vaginal discharge; vaginal pH >5.5
Organisms adhere to squamous cells producing "clue cells"
Rx: metronidazole
clue cells

http://www.allposters.com/-sp/Gardnerell...57827_.htm

cc--

Chlamydia trachomatis -- Most common STD; often coexists with Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Incubation period 2-3 weeks after exposure; red inclusions (reticulate bodies) in infected metaplastic squamous cells
Infections in males: NSU, epididymitis, proctitis
Infections in females: urethritis, cervicitis, PID, perihepatitis (FHC syndrome-scar tissue between peritoneum and surface of liver from pus from PID), proctitis
Infections in newborns: conjunctivitis (ophthalmia neonatorum), pneumonia
PCR test for quick diagnosis
Rx: azithromycin 1g (single dose), doxycycline


bb-
Hemophilus ducreyi STD; gram-negative rod that causes chancroid
Painful genital and perianal ulcers with suppurative inguinal nodes
Rx: ceftriaxone or azithromycin 1g (single dose )
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#54
46--sudden onset of dyspnoea after delivery ;s/0 Bb
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#55
47-- CC
cyclophosphoamide and ifosphamide causes haemorrhagic cystictis through acrolein protein -- mesna binds to this protein and prevets it..
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#56
48-BB
Renin or RAAS system gets activated by --
INCREASE in sympathetic activity or
DECREASE in Na to macula densa
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#57
49-DD

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001415/
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#58
50 --cc
we can refer ans 8 ..
same concept --total gastrectomy - loss of intrinsic factor leading to B12 def..
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#59
41.B
http://www.rnceus.com/uro/
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#60
bump
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