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nbme 3 block 3 ..q 1 ---------to------q50 - drona99
#71
45.D

Raloxifen:is an oral selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that has estrogenic actions on bone and anti-estrogenic actions on the uterus and breast.
Indication:
Raloxifene is indicated for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, for reduction in risk of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
Common adverse events considered to be drug-related were hot flashes and leg cramps.

Raloxifene may infrequently cause serious blood clots to form in the legs, lungs, or eyes. Other reactions experienced include leg swelling/pain, trouble breathing, chest pain, vision changes. Raloxifene is a teratogenic drug.

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#72
46.G
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by insufficient levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)/Argenine Vasopressin (AVP), nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by an improper response of the kidney to ADH, leading to a decrease in the ability of the kidney to concentrate the urine by removing free water.
DI can be hereditary:Usually, the hereditary form of nephrogenic DI is the result of an X-linked genetic defect which causes the vasopressin receptor (also called the V2 receptor) in the kidney to not function correctly.
After restricting the water:
Vassopressin increases,serum osmolality increases due to excretion of water and,urin osmolality decreases.
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#73
47.D

The ratio of intracellular to extracellular potassium is important in determining the cellular membrane potential. Small changes in the extracellular potassium level can have profound effects on the function of the cardiovascular and neuromuscular systems.
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#74
48.E
Parathyroid glands control the calcium in our bodies--how much calcium is in our bones, and how much calcium is in our blood. Calcium is the most important element in our bodies (we use it to control many systems), so calcium is regulated very carefully. Parathyroid glands control the calcium.
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#75
Just want to add - for q 47--

Insulin increases movement of K from ECF to ICF ,[basis for using Insulin for hyperkalemia Rx] .
In above case already pts K level is low and in that treatment was given with insulin and fluid so that aggravated the situation ...and decreased K level to severe extent leading to arrhythemis..

As mentioned above small changes in K are dangerous either Hypokalemia or Hyperkalemia.
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#76
49-- CC
its a negatively skew diagramme-
median is more than mean

and in positively skew mean is more than median

http://www.southalabama.edu/coe/bset/joh.../lec15.htm

check out skew diagrammes
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#77
50--bb
The standard glucose level is 90 mg/dl
and test is yielding in the range of 54--57 -
precision is consistency and reproducibility od a test [reliability]

and none of the result value is not same as actual standard so its not accurate.
Accuracy is the truthness of test measurement [validity].
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#78
49.B
Negative skew....mean
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#79
bump
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#80
49 ,,,,,,is b or c
kindly reply drona
maryam ??
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