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NBME 6 block 3 q1 to 50 - maryam2009
#41
48.BB


some viruses are readily inactivated by alcohol; however, some are not. Viruses consist of nucleic acid (either RNA or DNA) surrounded by a capsid (protein shell). Some viruses have an additional external layer or wrapping known as an envelope. The envelope is created from a piece of phospholipid membrane that comes from the infected host cell during the “budding” process when viral particles leave the infected cell. Enveloped viruses are referred to as lipophilic viruses, because of their lipid envelope, while nonenveloped viruses are referred to as non-lipophilic viruses.

Generally, enveloped (lipophilic) viruses are susceptible to alcohol: Herpes simplex virus (HSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza virus (Flu), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), vaccinia virus, Hepatitis B and C viruses are considered susceptible to alcohols.
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#42
49.HH

Borderline/splitting
females 2 times more than males
very unstable affect,behavior,self-image
unstable but intense interpersonal relatonships...very dependent and hostile,love/hate
great problem with being alone
self-mutilation
history of sexual abuse
particularly incapable of tolerating anxiety

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#43
50.EE

X-linked agammaglobulinemia .it is more common in males. XLA patients do not generate mature B cells . which manifests as a complete lack of antibodies in their bloodstream. B cells are part of the immune system and normally manufacture antibodies (immunoglobulins) which defends the body from infections by sustaining an immunological humoral antibody response.
Patients typically present in early childhood with recurrent infections, particularly with extracellular, encapsulated bacteria.
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#44
***********************************************addition************************************

q28
sarim - 04/19/11 16:07

Ca activate:

1-phospholipase A2................Hydrolyses the membrane phospholipids
2-proteases (e.g Calpain).......degrade the cytoskeleton and integral membrane proteins.
3-endonucleases....................breakdown neucleic acid
4-lipases
and other enzymes

it's like a cell demolisher.

-In the given stem, it's the Ischemic process in cardiac cells.

http://books.google.com/books?id=kD9VZ26...es&f=false


-In case of Brain Ischemia , damage is called "Excitotoxin-mediated" cz it is the Glutamate and Aspartate (two Excitatory Neurotransmitters) that + the Ca-Influx via NMDA-receptors and leading to cell destruction,
therefore these Excitatory transmitters are called here as toxins (Excitotxins) as they are mediating cell death by above process.
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#45
14 IS B

BORELLIA BURGDORFERRI=LYME DISEASE/RELAPSING FEVER
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#46
14 is D
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borrelia_recurrentis
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#47
14 is E
recurrentalis relapsing, bcos of change in surface protein.
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#48
13. CC

By Steven Daugherty, Kaplan lecturer,

Previous suicide attempt #1 risk factor.
Male, over age 45, white - strongest risk factors.
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#49
13. EE

Hi guys,

Sorry for previous mistake.

I sent to Dr. Steven Daugherty this Q.


His answer to me:

I'd go with "E". was this an accident or intentional. If the patient believes that the drug was fatal, then we know this was intentional.
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