Thread Rating:
  • 0 Vote(s) - 0 Average
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
NBME 4 block 3 Q 1 to 50 - maryam2009
#21
15

...every 10 minutes 10% of bacteria remains...so
1000000000...10'
100000000.....20'
10000000.......30'
1000000.........40'
100000...........50'
10000.............60'
1000...............70'
100.................80'
10...................90'
1...................100'
Reply
#22
15.CC

16.EE

Asplenia increases the risk of sepsis from polysaccharide encapsulated bacteria, and can result in overwhelming post splenectomy infection (OPSI), often fatal within a few hours. In particular, patients are at risk from Pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, and meningococcus. The risk is elevated as much as 350–fold.
Reply
#23
17.EE
percentage of children........UTI
25%...................................0
30%...................................1

10%...................................2
35%...................................3

45%......at least 2 UTI
Reply
#24
18.AA

Case-control compares a group of people with disease to a group without
having diarrhea vs healthy

19.AA

carbon dioxide in the blood is quickly converted to bicarbonate by carbonic anhydrase in the erythrocytes and diffuses back into the plasma, so most of the CO2 produced by respiration in tissue is transported as HCO3 in plasma.

Reply
#25
20.AA

Burkitt's lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system (in particular, B lymphocytes).
Burkitt's lymphoma is associated with a chromosomal translocation of the c-myc gene.
The most common variant is t(8;14)(q23;q32).

Currently Burkitt's lymphoma can be divided into three main clinical variants: the endemic, the sporadic and the immunodeficiency-associated variants, which are all associated with HIV and AIDS. Burkitt's lymphoma is usually associated with over 90% of AIDS cases.

The endemic variant occurs in equatorial Africa.The disease characteristically involves the jaw .
The sporadic type of Burkitt lymphoma (also known as "non-African") is another form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma found outside of Africa. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which includes Burkitt's, accounts for 30-50% of childhood lymphoma.

Immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt lymphoma is usually associated with HIV infection or occurs in the setting of post-transplant patients who are taking immunosuppressive drugs. Burkitt lymphoma can be one of the diseases associated with the initial manifestation of AIDS.

Treatment:
process.

Chemotherapy

cyclophosphamide
doxorubicin
vincristine
methotrexate
cytarabine
ifosfamide
etoposide
rituximab[9]
Other treatments are immunotherapy, bone marrow transplants, surgery to remove the tumor, and radiotherapy.



http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co...mphoma.JPG

Reply
#26
21.BB

Bleeding is a major side effect of tissue plasminogen activator. If t-PA is given to a person who has had bleeding within the brain, it increases the risk for bleeding into the brain, which increases the chance of death. This makes it very important to distinguish whether a person's stroke is caused by a clot or by a bleeding blood vessel before giving the medicine. Before this medicine is given, computed tomography (CT) scan of the head is used to make sure there is no bleeding inside the brain.

Reply
#27
22. F
Lateral Geniculate: Most fiber from the optic tract project to the LGB ( lateral geniculate body)
to the primary visual cortex (striate cortex, brodmann area 17) of the occipital lobe via the optic radiations.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_geniculate_nucleus
Reply
#28
23. A
Axilary nerve: may be injured when the surgical neck of the humerus is fractured. it causes weakness in the ability to abduct the arm at the shoulder, weak flexion, extension, rotation of the shoulder.

24. E
Subdural hematoma: Rupture of bridging veins. Slow venous bleeding (less pressure= hematoma develops overtime) with delayed onset symptoms. Seen in eldery individuals, alcoholics, blunt trauma,shaken baby(predisposing factors- brain arophy, shaking, whiplash.
Crescent-shaped hemorrhage that crosses suture lines. Cannot cross falx, tentorium. (FA page 402)
Reply
#29
22. F

Visual pathway terminates in the occipital cortex.

http://www.glaucoma-eye-info.com/images/...thway2.jpg

23. A

# surgical neck of humerus will most likely result in injury to the axillary nerve, which supplies the deltoid & teres minor muscles. Motor deficit will be the loss of abduction (deltoid) & lateral rotation of humerus (both muscles).

24. E

This is a subdural hematoma. Crescent shaped lesion on CT scan. Presents with slow progression of confusion & head ache after a history of head trauma. No lucid interval.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Ep...l_hematoma
Reply
#30
25.E
The substantia nigra is a brain structure located in the mesencephalon (midbrain) that plays an important role in reward, addiction, and movement. Substantia nigra is Latin for "black substance", as parts of the substantia nigra appear darker than neighboring areas due to high levels of melanin in dopaminergic neurons. Parkinson's disease is caused by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta.
Although the substantia nigra appears as a continuous band in brain sections, anatomical studies have found that it actually consists of two parts with very different connections and functions, the pars compacta and pars reticulata. The pars compacta serves mainly as an input to the basal ganglia circuit, supplying the striatum with dopamine. The pars reticulata, on the other hand, serves mainly as an output, conveying signals from the basal ganglia to numerous other brain structures.
Reply
« Next Oldest | Next Newest »


Forum Jump: