Thread Rating:
  • 0 Vote(s) - 0 Average
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
NBME 4 block 3 Q 1 to 50 - maryam2009
#31
26.C
Delirium tremens is an acute episode of delirium that is usually caused by withdrawal from alcohol, , causes tremor,, tachycardia, hypertension, nausea, seizure, agitation, hallucination Benzodiazepines are the treatment of choice for delirium tremens.
Reply
#32
26.CC

Delirium tremens due to alcohol withdrawal can be treated with benzodiazepines.
Reply
#33
27. A
Albinism also called achromia, achromasia, or achromatosis) is a congenital disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes due to absence or defect of an enzyme involved in the production of melanin. Albinism results from inheritance of recessive gene alleles and is known to affect all vertebrates, including humans.
A 'melanoblast' is a precursor cell of a melanocyte. These cells migrate from the trunk neural crest cells (in terms of axial level from neck to posterior end) dorsolaterally between the ectoderm and dorsal surface of the somites.
Albinism is associated with a number of vision defects, such as photophobia, nystagmus and astigmatism. Lack of skin pigmentation makes the organism more susceptible to sunburn and skin cancers.
Reply
#34
Hi there,My post was hanged,sorry
Reply
#35
28.F
The posterior cruciate ligament (or PCL) is one of the four major ligaments of the knee. It connects the posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial condyle of the femur. This configuration allows the PCL to resist forces pushing the tibia posteriorly relative to the femur.
The drawer test is a test used by physicians to detect rupture of the cruciate ligaments in the knee. The patient should be supine with the hips flexed to 45 degrees, the knees flexed to 90 degrees and the feet flat on table. The examiner sits on the patient's feet and grasps the patient's tibia and pulls it forward (anterior drawer test) or backward (posterior drawer test). If the tibia pulls forward or backward more than normal, the test is considered positive. Excessive displacement of the tibia anteriorly indicates that the ACL is likely torn, whereas excessive posterior displacement of the tibia indicates that the PCL is likely torn. The Lachman test is a variation on this test in which the knee is in thirty degrees flexion.
Treatment : The PCL does not heal on its own, so surgery is usually required in complete tears of the ligament. Surgery usually takes place after a few weeks, in order to allow swelling to decrease and regular motion to return to the knee
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Knee_diagram.svg
Reply
#36
29. B
Polymyalgia rheumatica , abbreviated as PMR, is a syndrome with pain or stiffness, usually in the neck, shoulders, and hips. The pain can be very sudden, or can occur gradually over a period of time. It may be caused by an inflammatory condition of blood vessels, muscle biopsies however are normal.
Most PMR sufferers wake up in the morning with pain in their muscles; however, there have been cases in which the patient has developed the pain during the evenings.
Patients who have polymyalgia rheumatica may also have temporal arteritis, a potentially dangerous inflammation of blood vessels in the face. PMR usually goes away within a year or two after treatment.
PMR is usually treated with long courses of oral steroid.
Reply
#37
30. A
A spinal disc herniation (prolapsus disci intervertebralis), informally and misleadingly called a "slipped disc", is a medical condition affecting the spine, in which a tear in the outer, fibrous ring (annulus fibrosus) of an intervertebral disc (discus intervertebralis) allows the soft, central portion (nucleus pulposus) to bulge out. Tears are almost always postero-lateral in nature owing to the presence of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the spinal canal.
Lumbar disc herniations occur in the lower back, most often between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebral bodies or between the fifth and the sacrum. Symptoms can affect the lower back, buttocks, thigh, anal/genital region (via the Perineal nerve), and may radiate into the foot and/or toe. The sciatic nerve is the most commonly affected nerve, causing symptoms of sciatica. The femoral nerve can also be affected and cause the patient to experience a numb, tingling feeling throughout one or both legs and even feet or even a burning feeling in the hips and legs.
The majority of herniated discs will heal themselves in about six weeks and do not require surgery. One study found that "After 12 weeks, 73% of patients showed reasonable to major improvement without surgery.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/co...hernia.png
Reply
#38
I hope you guys don't hate me for long answered questions.
Reply
#39
31. E
Type II pneumocytes (great alveolar cells)(septal cells) are granular and roughly cuboidal in shape. Type II pneumocytes are typically found at the alveolar-septal junction and cover a much smaller surface area than type I cells (
Reply
#40
32.B.
Pneumothorax (plural pneumothoraces) is a collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity of the chest between the lung and the chest wall. It may occur spontaneously in people without chronic lung conditions ("primary") as well as in those with lung disease ("secondary"), and many pneumothoraces occur after physical trauma to the chest, blast injury, or as a complication of medical treatment.
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP), which tends to occur in young people without underlying lung problems, usually causes limited symptoms. Chest pain and sometimes mild breathlessness are the predominant symptoms. Half of those with primary spontaneous pneumothorax wait several days to seek medical attention. It is exceedingly uncommon for PSP to cause tension pneumothorax. The symptoms usually start at rest. Tall males, especially smokers, are characteristically at a higher risk of PSP. It has been found that PSP occurs more commonly during changes in atmospheric pressure and during exposure to loud music, and this explains to an extent why episodes of pneumothorax may happen in clusters.
Reply
« Next Oldest | Next Newest »


Forum Jump: