05-11-2011, 06:54 AM
50.EE
Urolithiasis is the condition where urinary calculi are formed in the urinary tract.
Most common kidney stons...Calcium Oxalate,Calcium phosphate,or both...Radiopaque
Oxalate crystal..result fromEthylen glycol
Secound most common....Ammonium Magnesium phosphate..Struvite....caused by infecction with Urease-positive bugs.......can form staghorn calculi
Uric acid....associated with hyperuricemia........readiolucent
Cysteine...secondary to Cystinuria..Hexogonal shape.........faintly radiopaque...treat with alkalization
In some cases, kidney stones pass out of the body without producing any symptoms. Most kidney stones, however, do cause some symptoms. The most common symptom from kidney stones is pain. The pain from kidney stones is a result of the stone getting stuck on its way out.
If fever and chills accompany any of these symptoms, an infection may be present and medical attention is needed sooner rather than late.
Laboratory Testing:
Laboratory testing includes urinalysis to detect the presence of blood (hematuria) and bacteria (bacteriuria) in the urine.
Other tests include blood tests for creatinine (to evaluate kidney function), BUN and electrolytes to detect dehydration, calcium to detect hyperparathyroidism, and a complete blood count to detect infection.
X-rays: A standard x-ray of the kidney, ureter, and bladder, may be adequate as a first step for identifying many stones since most are visible on x-ray.
Ultrasound: This test uses high frequency sound waves to produce pictures. Ultrasounds can detect a dilated kidney and ureter caused by a stone lodged in the ureter. Ultrasound, however, cannot reliably detect all stones especially stones located outside the kidney. It is the preferred imaging method for kidney stone patients who are pregnant.
IVP (Intravenous Pyelogram): For an IVP, a special dye is injected into the patient's veins. The dye collects in the urinary system and produces a white shadow when an x-ray is taken. The dye allows to precisely locate the stone and to determine the condition of the kidneys and ureters. Most kidney stones can be precisely located using this procedure.
CT Scan (Computerized Tomography): This test uses a scanner and a computer to create images of the urinary system. A CT scan done to look for kidney stones does not use contrast material. It is the most common imaging test used today to evaluate a possible kidney stone attack.
Urolithiasis is the condition where urinary calculi are formed in the urinary tract.
Most common kidney stons...Calcium Oxalate,Calcium phosphate,or both...Radiopaque
Oxalate crystal..result fromEthylen glycol
Secound most common....Ammonium Magnesium phosphate..Struvite....caused by infecction with Urease-positive bugs.......can form staghorn calculi
Uric acid....associated with hyperuricemia........readiolucent
Cysteine...secondary to Cystinuria..Hexogonal shape.........faintly radiopaque...treat with alkalization
In some cases, kidney stones pass out of the body without producing any symptoms. Most kidney stones, however, do cause some symptoms. The most common symptom from kidney stones is pain. The pain from kidney stones is a result of the stone getting stuck on its way out.
If fever and chills accompany any of these symptoms, an infection may be present and medical attention is needed sooner rather than late.
Laboratory Testing:
Laboratory testing includes urinalysis to detect the presence of blood (hematuria) and bacteria (bacteriuria) in the urine.
Other tests include blood tests for creatinine (to evaluate kidney function), BUN and electrolytes to detect dehydration, calcium to detect hyperparathyroidism, and a complete blood count to detect infection.
X-rays: A standard x-ray of the kidney, ureter, and bladder, may be adequate as a first step for identifying many stones since most are visible on x-ray.
Ultrasound: This test uses high frequency sound waves to produce pictures. Ultrasounds can detect a dilated kidney and ureter caused by a stone lodged in the ureter. Ultrasound, however, cannot reliably detect all stones especially stones located outside the kidney. It is the preferred imaging method for kidney stone patients who are pregnant.
IVP (Intravenous Pyelogram): For an IVP, a special dye is injected into the patient's veins. The dye collects in the urinary system and produces a white shadow when an x-ray is taken. The dye allows to precisely locate the stone and to determine the condition of the kidneys and ureters. Most kidney stones can be precisely located using this procedure.
CT Scan (Computerized Tomography): This test uses a scanner and a computer to create images of the urinary system. A CT scan done to look for kidney stones does not use contrast material. It is the most common imaging test used today to evaluate a possible kidney stone attack.