Thread Rating:
  • 0 Vote(s) - 0 Average
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
NBME 7 block 1 q 1 to 50 - maryam2009
#61
50.EE

Urolithiasis is the condition where urinary calculi are formed in the urinary tract.

Most common kidney stons...Calcium Oxalate,Calcium phosphate,or both...Radiopaque
Oxalate crystal..result fromEthylen glycol
Secound most common....Ammonium Magnesium phosphate..Struvite....caused by infecction with Urease-positive bugs.......can form staghorn calculi

Uric acid....associated with hyperuricemia........readiolucent

Cysteine...secondary to Cystinuria..Hexogonal shape.........faintly radiopaque...treat with alkalization

In some cases, kidney stones pass out of the body without producing any symptoms. Most kidney stones, however, do cause some symptoms. The most common symptom from kidney stones is pain. The pain from kidney stones is a result of the stone getting stuck on its way out.

If fever and chills accompany any of these symptoms, an infection may be present and medical attention is needed sooner rather than late.

Laboratory Testing:
Laboratory testing includes urinalysis to detect the presence of blood (hematuria) and bacteria (bacteriuria) in the urine.
Other tests include blood tests for creatinine (to evaluate kidney function), BUN and electrolytes to detect dehydration, calcium to detect hyperparathyroidism, and a complete blood count to detect infection.

X-rays: A standard x-ray of the kidney, ureter, and bladder, may be adequate as a first step for identifying many stones since most are visible on x-ray.

Ultrasound: This test uses high frequency sound waves to produce pictures. Ultrasounds can detect a dilated kidney and ureter caused by a stone lodged in the ureter. Ultrasound, however, cannot reliably detect all stones especially stones located outside the kidney. It is the preferred imaging method for kidney stone patients who are pregnant.

IVP (Intravenous Pyelogram): For an IVP, a special dye is injected into the patient's veins. The dye collects in the urinary system and produces a white shadow when an x-ray is taken. The dye allows to precisely locate the stone and to determine the condition of the kidneys and ureters. Most kidney stones can be precisely located using this procedure.

CT Scan (Computerized Tomography): This test uses a scanner and a computer to create images of the urinary system. A CT scan done to look for kidney stones does not use contrast material. It is the most common imaging test used today to evaluate a possible kidney stone attack.




Reply
#62
Thank you to

god99
doc_study
sash11
usmle_guy

********************************************************************************************
Reply
#63
****************************************correction***************************************

The right answer for Q.3......is BBBBBBBB
Reply
#64
41 FF..It's trochanteric bursitis guys.........I did it online..that;s correct FF
Reply
#65
salaam, maryam do you or anyone else have the answers to nbme forms 7, 11 or 12? thanks a bunch!

gem351
Reply
#66
Thanks you so much for all the great explanations. I do have two questions if you do not mind, I cannot find a good source that goes into more detail on St Johns Wort. I am referring to Q.45. Can anyone explain why this is the correct answer for this question? Thanks for your time.
Reply
#67
anyone?
Reply
#68
1. EABEA
6. BDABE
11. ABADG
16. AADBB
21. FDCED
26. FEDEA
31. GCBCA
36. BCBCA
41. FECAE
46. DABDE
Reply
#69
**************Correction**************************
41.FF is the correct answer
Reply
#70
41..

Trochanteric bursitis is characterized by painful inflammation of the bursa that is located just superficial to the greater trochanter of the femur. Patients typically complain of lateral hip pain, although the hip joint itself is not involved, because pain may radiate down the lateral aspect of the thigh.

Inflammation of the affected bursa between the femoral trochanteric process and the gluteus medius/iliotibial tract may be due to acute or repetitive (cumulative) trauma. Acute trauma includes contusions from falls, contact sports, and other sources of impact. Repetitive trauma includes bursal irritation due to friction by the iliotibial band (ITB), which is an extension of the tensor fascia lata (TFL) muscle. Such repetitive, cumulative irritation often occurs in runners, but it can also be seen in less-active individuals. Other predisposing factors include leg-length discrepancy, hip abductor weakness, and lateral hip surgery.

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/87788-overview

Reply
« Next Oldest | Next Newest »


Forum Jump: